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Optimization of salt concentration and explanation of two peak percolation in blend solid polymer nanocomposite films

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Abstract

The present paper is focused toward the preparation of the flexible and free-standing blend solid polymer electrolyte films based on PEO-PVP complexed with NaPF6 by the solution cast technique. The structural/morphological features of the synthesized polymer nanocomposite films have been investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and Atomic force microscopy techniques. The film PEO-PVP + NaPF6 (\( \ddot{\mathrm{O}}/{\mathrm{Na}}^{+}= \)8) exhibits highest ionic conductivity ~ 5.92 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 40 °C and ~ 2.46 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 100 °C. The temperature-dependent conductivity shows an Arrhenius type behavior and activation energy decreases with the addition of salt. The high temperature (100 °C) conductivity monitoring is done for the optimized PEO-PVP + NaPF6 (\( \ddot{\mathrm{O}}/{\mathrm{Na}}^{+}= \)8) highly conductive system and the conductivity is still maintained stable up to 160 h (approx. 7 days). The thermal transitions parameters were measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The prepared polymer electrolyte film displays the smoother surface on addition of salt and a thermal stability up to 300 °C. The ion transference number (tion) for the highest conducting sample is found to be 0.997 and evidence that the present system is ion dominating with negligible electron contribution. Both linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry supports the use of prepared polymer electrolyte with long-term cycle stability and thermal stability for the solid-state sodium ion batteries. Finally, a two peak percolation mechanism has been proposed on the basis of experimental findings.

A plot of free ion & ion pair area against salt content and AFM image of optimised system

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (AA) is thankful to the Central University of Punjab for providing the fellowship.

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  1. Centre for Physical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India

    Anil Arya & A. L. Sharma

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  1. Anil Arya
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Correspondence to A. L. Sharma.

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Highlights

• Solid polymer electrolytes based on PEO-PVP complexed with NaPF6 are prepared.

• XRD, AFM, FESEM, and FTIR techniques have been performed.

• The prepared system reveals superior ionic conductivity and long-term stability.

• Temperature-dependent conductivity shows an Arrhenius nature.

• Correlation between the Tg, Tm, transport parameters and ionic conductivity is presented.

• A two peak percolation mechanism has been proposed.

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Arya, A., Sharma, A.L. Optimization of salt concentration and explanation of two peak percolation in blend solid polymer nanocomposite films. J Solid State Electrochem 22, 2725–2745 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-3965-4

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