Abstract
High-intensity coal mining activities in China’s western mining area are damaging fragile ecological environments. The key to coordinating ecological protection and coal mining is to understand the law of overlying strata migration in high-intensity mining. However, it is difficult for conventional monitoring methods to efficiently monitor overburden movement in high-intensity mining areas in real time. In this paper, a space-sky-surface (3S) integrated system is proposed to conquer this challenge. This monitoring system consists of three parts: a space monitoring component (a combination of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)), a sky observation component (an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a measuring camera (MC)), and a surface exploration component (ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and high-density electricity method (HDEM)). This system was successfully applied to the 12,401 longwall face in the Shangwan coal mine (the maximum mining height is 8.8 m). The deformation cloud map of the entire mining area was obtained through InSAR monitoring technology accompanying the 3D laser scanning to improve the accuracy in the local region of 12,401 longwall face. The distribution characteristics and dynamic evolution of surface fractures were obtained using UAV and MC (visible light camera + infrared camera). Using the HDEM and GPR technologies, the fracture development was well detected. Based on the strata movement theory, combined with the monitoring results, a three-dimensional model of overburden rock fracture after 12,401 longwall face mining was constructed. Monitoring results and the fracture model provide a basis for controlling air leakage in the goaf and remediation of surface fracture.
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Funding
Financial support for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 51874281, 51704274, 51404272), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining (No. SKLCRSM19KFA17), the Yue Qi Distinguished Scholar Project, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing (2017JCB02), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2020YQNY04), and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining.
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Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., He, X. et al. Space-sky-surface integrated monitoring system for overburden migration regularity in shallow-buried high-intensity mining. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 1403–1417 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02026-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-02026-z