Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Extracting method of packet dependence from NoC simulation traces using association rule mining

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Networks on-chip (NoCs) interconnect complex parallel applications on multiprocessors systems-on-chip. In order to rapidly evaluate NoCs, designers replace processing elements by communication traces on simulations. However, trace-based simulations have low accuracy due to the lack of information about packet dependence. The methods to obtain packet dependence require running multiple simulations or modifying application and simulator source code to output dependence; both are very costly. In this paper, we model packet dependence extraction as an association rule mining problem. We use the Apriori algorithm to extract communication patterns using traces from only one full-system simulation. The experiments with real, synthetic, and self-similar traffic show about 78% of packet dependence accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zydek, D., Shlayan, N., Regentova, E., & Selvaraj, H. (2008). Review of packet switching technologies for future noc. In 19th international conference on systems engineering, 2008. ICSENG’08 (pp. 306–311). IEEE.

  2. Gabis, A.B., Sevaux, M., Bomel, P., Koudil, M., & Benatchba, K. (2016). Heuristic based routing algorithm for network on chip. In 2016 IEEE 10th international symposium on embedded multicore/many-core systems-on-chip (MCSoC) (pp. 39–45). IEEE.

  3. Bolotin, E., Cidon, I., Ginosar, R., & Kolodny, A. (2004). Qnoc: Qos architecture and design process for network on chip. Journal of Systems Architecture, 50(2–3), 105–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Concer, N., Petracca, M., & Carloni, L.P. (2008). Distributed flit-buffer flow control for networks-on-chip. In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on hardware/software codesign and system synthesis (pp. 215–220). ACM.

  5. Sethi, M. A. J. (2020). Bio-inspired fault-tolerant algorithms for network-on-chip. CRC Press.

  6. Chariete, A., Bakhouya, M., Gaber, J., & Wack, M. (2013). A buffer size customization approach for application-specific noc design. In 2013 international conference on high performance computing and simulation (HPCS) (pp. 224–228). IEEE.

  7. Borrione, D., Helmy, A., Pierre, L., & Schmaltz, J. (2007). A generic model for formally verifying noc communication architectures: A case study. In First international symposium on networks-on-chip, 2007. NOCS 2007 (pp. 127–136). IEEE.

  8. Genko, N., Atienza, D., & De Micheli, G. (2005). Noc emulation on fpga: Hw/sw synergy for noc features exploration. In Proceedings of the international conference on parallel computing (ParCo 2005), no. EPFL-CONF-91160 (pp. 753–760).

  9. Horn, G., Kvalbein, A., Blomskøld, J., & Nilsen, E. (2007). An empirical comparison of generators for self similar simulated traffic. In Performance evaluation, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 162–190. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016653160600054X.

  10. de Lima Jr, O. A., Fresse, V., Rousseau, F., & Sheibanyrad, H. (2016). Synthesis of dependency-aware traffic generators from noc simulation traces. Journal of Systems Architecture, 71, 102–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hestness, J., Grot, B., & Keckler, S.W. (2010). Netrace: dependency-driven trace-based network-on-chip simulation. In Proceedings of the third international workshop on network on chip architectures (pp. 31–36). ACM.

  12. Macdonald, K., Nitta, C., Farrens, M., & Akella, V. (2014). Pdg\_gen: A methodology for fast and accurate simulation of on-chip networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 63(3), 650–663.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang, Y. S.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Tsai, T.-C., Chang, Y.-Y., & King, C.-T. (2012). Attackboard: A novel dependency-aware traffic generator for exploring noc design space. In 2012 49th ACM/EDAC/IEEE design automation conference (DAC) (pp. 376–381). IEEE.

  14. Zhao, Q., & Bhowmick, S. S. (2003). Association rule mining: A survey. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Agrawal, R., & Srikant, R., et al. (1994). Fast algorithms for mining association rules. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on very large data bases, VLDB (Vol. 1215, pp. 487–499).

  16. Agrawal, R., Imieliński, T., & Swami, A. (1993). Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases. In Acm sigmod record, vol. 22, no. 2 (pp. 207–216). ACM.

  17. Borgelt, C. (2003). Efficient implementations of apriori and eclat. In FIMI’03: Proceedings of the IEEE ICDM workshop on frequent itemset mining implementations .

  18. Lagraa, S. (2014). New mp-soc profiling tools based on data mining techniques. Ph.D. dissertation.

  19. Liu, L.,  Sheridan, D., Athavale, V., & Vasudevan, S. (2011). Automatic generation of assertions from system level design using data mining. In Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE international conference on formal methods and models for codesign (pp. 191–200). IEEE Computer Society.

  20. Zou, J., Xiao, J., Hou, R., & Wang, Y. (2010). Frequent instruction sequential pattern mining in hardware sample data. In 2010 IEEE international conference on data mining (pp. 1205–1210). IEEE.

  21. Cheng, X., & Hsiao, M.S. (2008). Simulation-directed invariant mining for software verification. In 2008 design, automation and test in Europe (pp. 682–687). IEEE.

  22. López Cueva, P., Bertaux, A., Termier, A., Méhaut, J. F., & Santana, M. (2012). Debugging embedded multimedia application traces through periodic pattern mining. In Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on embedded software (pp. 13–22). ACM.

  23. Kengne, C. Kamdem, Fopa, L.C., Termier, A., Ibrahim, N., Rousset, M.-C., Washio, T., & Santana, M. (2013). Efficiently rewriting large multimedia application execution traces with few event sequences. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 1348–1356). ACM.

  24. Lagraa, S., Termier, A., & Pétrot, F. (2012). Automatic congestion detection in mpsoc programs using data mining on simulation traces. In 2012 23rd IEEE international symposium on rapid system prototyping (RSP) (pp. 64–70). IEEE.

  25. Lagraa, S., Termier, A., & Pétrot, F. (2013). Data mining mpsoc simulation traces to identify concurrent memory access patterns. In Proceedings of the conference on design, automation and test in Europe (pp. 755–760). EDA Consortium.

  26. Lagraa, S., Termier, A., & Pétrot, F. (2014). Scalability bottlenecks discovery in mpsoc platforms using data mining on simulation traces. In 2014 design, automation and test in Europe conference and exhibition (DATE) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

  27. Carara, E. A., De Oliveira, R. P., Calazans, N. L., & Moraes, F. G. (2009). Hemps-a framework for noc-based mpsoc generation. In IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems, 2009. ISCAS 2009 (pp. 1345–1348). IEEE.

  28. Dick, R. P., Rhodes, D. L., & Wolf, W. (1998). Tgff: Task graphs for free. In Proceedings of the Sixth international workshop on hardware/software codesign, 1998.(CODES/CASHE’98) (pp. 97–101). IEEE.

  29. Park, K., & Willinger, W. (2000). Self-similar network traffic and performance evaluation (1st ed.). New York: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  30. Varatkar, G. V., & Marculescu, R. (2004). On-chip traffic modeling and synthesis for mpeg-2 video applications. In IEEE transactions on very large scale integration systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 108–119. Retrieved: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVLSI.2003.820523.

  31. Qin, M. W., Hu, J. H., & Ma, S. (2013). Affect analysis of fft algorithm length on traffic self-similarity in noc. In 2013 10th international computer conference on wavelet active media technology and information processing (ICCWAMTIP) (pp. 149–152).

  32. Scherrer, A., Fraboulet, A., & Risset, T. (2009). Long-range dependence and on-chip processor traffic. Microprocessors and microsystems, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 72 – 80, selected papers from ReCoSoC 2007 (reconfigurable communication-centric systems-on-chip). Retrieved http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014193310800077X.

  33. Kundu, S., Manna, K., Gupta, S., Kumar, K., Parikh, R., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2009). A comparative performance evaluation of network-on-chip architectures under self-similar traffic. 2009 international conference on advances in recent technologies in communication and computing (pp. 414–418).

Download references

Acknowledgements

Funding for this project was provided by FUNCAP via PIBIC IFCE.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lab. de Sistemas Digitais, Instituto Federal do Ceará, Maracanaú, Brasil

    Weslley N. Costa, Lucas P. Lima & Otavio A. de Lima Junior

Authors
  1. Weslley N. Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lucas P. Lima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Otavio A. de Lima Junior
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weslley N. Costa.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Costa, W.N., Lima, L.P. & de Lima Junior, O.A. Extracting method of packet dependence from NoC simulation traces using association rule mining. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 106, 235–247 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01645-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01645-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation