Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

UPQC voltage sag detection based on chaotic immune gentic algorithm

  • Published:
Cluster Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photovoltaic generation is being rapidly developed as a clean energy source. The increased penetration of photovoltaics into power distribution networks has led to power-quality problems. A unified power-quality conditioner (UPQC) is an effective device for power-quality treatment and can compensate for voltage fluctuations and sags in a photovoltaic microgrid. This paper proposes a proportional–integral (PI) controller for detecting and compensating for voltage sags in a UPQC that is based on the chaotic immune genetic algorithm. Simulations showed that the proposed PI controller better compensates for the voltage than the traditional PI controller. Experimental results also showed that the new method can accurately detect and compensate for voltage sags in a photovoltaic microgrid in real time. The proposed PI controller can quickly detect voltage sags and improve the microgrid power quality; it provides a new approach to treating the power quality of a photovoltaic microgrid with a UPQC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(U_s \) :

The grid resource

\(u_{ac} , u_{bc} ,\) and \(u_{cc} \) :

The three-phase voltage compensation instructions

\(u_a ,u_b ,u_c \) :

The three-phase voltage

\(u_a ^{{+}},u_b ^{{+}},u_c ^{{+}}\) :

Three-phase positive sequence components

\(u_a ^{-},u_b ^{-},u_c ^{-}\) :

Three-phase negative sequence components

\(u_0 \) :

Zero sequence component

\(u_{an} ^{+},u_{bn} ^{+},u_{cn} ^{+}\) :

N-order harmonic positive sequence components

\(u_{an} ^{-},u_{bn} ^{-},u_{cn} ^{-}\) :

N-order harmonic negative sequence components

T :

Park transformation matrix

\(T^{-1}\) :

Inverse Park transformation matrix

\(U^{+}\) :

Fundamental harmonic positive sequence phase voltage actual amplitude

\(\phi ^{+}\) :

Fundamental harmonic positive-sequence initial phase.

\(U_{la} ,U_{lb} ,U_{lc} \) :

Three-phase loads voltages

B(k):

The concentration of the k-th generation of B cells

\(\varepsilon (k)\) :

The antigen concentration of the k-th generation

\(\Delta B(k)\) :

The change in the B-cell concentration

\(f\,{[\cdot ]}\,\) :

A nonlinear function associated with the change in the B-cell concentration

\(K_P \) :

The variable proportional gain coefficient

\(K_I \) :

An integration constant

\(\overline{K} _P \) :

The output of an intelligent regulator

\(\overline{K} _I \) :

The output of an intelligent regulator

J :

The performance index

T:

Sample time

\(t_i \) :

Sample point

\(\mu \) :

A real number

\(x_0 \) :

The original value

Ab :

The initialization antibody

Ag :

Antigen

\(a_{ij} \) :

The appetency

N:

The chaotic variable

\(N_c \) :

The number of clones

m :

Selected network cells

C :

A cloned antibody cell

X :

A cloned antigen cell

\(\alpha \) :

The aberration rate

\(M_p \) :

Memory-cell data set

\(\xi \% \) :

Best affinity

M :

The achieved memory data set

\(\phi \) :

A contraction factor

\(X=(X_1 ,X_2 ,\ldots ,X_k )\) :

The superior individual

\(\beta _i \) :

The adaptive control coefficient

K :

The number of iterations

References

  1. Cui, H.F., Wang, C., Ye, J.L., Xue, J.H., Yang, B.: Research of interaction of distributed PV system with multiple access points and distribution network. Power Syst. Prot. Control 43(10), 91–97 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ray, P.K., Mohanty, S.R., Kishor, N.: Classification of power quality disturbances due to environmental characteristics in distributed generation system. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy 4(2), 302–312 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Meyer, J., Klatt, M., Schegner, P.: Power quality challenges in future distribution networks. In IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, vol. 1–6, IEEE 2011 (2011)

  4. Li, S.Q., Luo, X.D., Li, Y.A., Zeng, L.L., He, Z.P.: Research on robust H\(_{2}\)/\(\text{H}_\infty \)optimization control for unified power quality conditioner in Micorgrid. In IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Asia, pp. 2864–2869. IEEE 2012 (2012)

  5. Amaro, N., Pina, J. M., Martins, J., Ceballos, J. M.: Improved operation of an UPQC by addition of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system. In 9th International Conference on Compatibility and Power Electronics(CPE), pp. 82-86, IEEE 2015 (2015)

  6. Guo, W.M., Mu, L.H.: Control principles of micro-source inverters used in microgrid. Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst. 1, 56–62 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Han, L. B., Feng, X. T., Che, X. X., Zhang, T. S., Wei, T. Z.: Unified power quality conditioner based on fast energy storage. In 2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), pp. 423–428 (2014)

  8. Trinh, Q.-N., Lee, H.-H.: Novel control strategy for a UPQC under distorted source and nonlinear load conditions. J. Power Electron. 13(1), 161–169 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, R. Y., Xia, N., Wang, X. N.: The research on fuzzy-PID control in unified power quality conditioner. In 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp. 821–824 (2009)

  10. Benslimane, T., Aliouane, K., Chetate, B.: Voltage and current disturbances elimination with reactive power compensation using unified power quality conditioner. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Electronics on Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, pp. 780–784 (2006)

  11. Huang, X. M., Liu, J. J., Zhang, H.: A unified compensator design based on instantaneous energy equilibrium model for the DC link voltage control of UPQCİn Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 1577–1582 (2009)

  12. Pei, S. P., Chen, Y. G.: The control and compensation strategy research of unified power quality conditioner. In International Conference on Consumer Electrionics, Communications and Networks, pp. 1775–1778 (2011)

  13. Khadkikar, V., Chandra, A.: A novel structure for three-phase four-wire distribution system utilizing unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 45(5), 1897–1902 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kazemi, A., Mokhtarpour, A., Haque, M. T.: A new control strategy for unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in distribution systems. In International Conference on Power System Technology, pp. 1–5 (2006)

  15. Djeghloud, H., Benalla, H., Bentounsi, A.: Supply current and load voltage distortions suppression using the unified power quality conditioner. In 5th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, pp. 1–6 (2008)

  16. Mekri, F., Machmoum, M., Mazari, B., Ahmed, N. A.: Determination of voltage references for series active power filter based on a robust PLL system. In Power Quality Conference (PQC), pp. 473–478 (2010)

  17. Turunen, J., Tuusa, H.: Improvement of the voltage compensation performance of the series active power filter using a simple PI-control method. In European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp. 1–9 (2007)

  18. Basu, M., Das, S.P., Dubey, G.K.: Investigation on the performance of UPQC-Q for voltage sag mitigation and power quality improvement an a critical load point. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 2(3), 414–423 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Farokhnia, N., Fathi, S.H.: Voltage sag and unbalance mitigation in distribution systems using multi-level UPQC. In First Power Quality Conference, pp. 1–5 (2010)

  20. Kong, X.P., Yuan, Y.B., Huang, H.S., Wang, Y.: Overview of the instantaneous reactive power theory in three-phase systems. In 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, pp. 2331–2336 (2015)

  21. Rajasekaran, D., Dash, S.S., Vignesh, P.; Mitigation of voltage sags and voltage swells by dynamic voltage restorer. In 3rd International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing, pp. 36–40 (2011)

  22. Zhou, B.Q., Lu, J.M., Mao, C.X., Wang, D., Qiu, J., Duan, Y.P.: Voltage sag policy of wavelet detection of dual power automatic transfer switch. In Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, Vol. 27 , pp. 5–10, 41 (2015)

  23. Lina, W., Hongyue, Z., Zongiun, Y.: Tuning method for PI controllers of PMSM driving system. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 29(5), 104–117 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang, X., Wang, Y.J., Yu, C.Z.; Mechanism of the control coupling and suppression strategy using PI and repetitive control in grid-connected inverters. In Proceedings of the CSEE, Vol. 34, No. 30, pp. 5287-5295. IEEE 2014. (2014)

  25. Wu, D., Wang, F., Yang, S.Y.: Hybrid genetic algorithm optimization for aerospace vehicle fuel consumption. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 32(20), 147–155 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Meng, K.Q.L., Ma, J.G., Jia, D.J.: Study on variable-pitch control system of wind turbine base on chaos optimized PID parameter. Renew. Energy Resour. 32(3), 287–290 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  27. He, Y.J., Liu, J.J., Wang, Z.A., Zou, Y.P.: A PI control algorithm with zero static misadjustment for tracking the harmonic current of three-level APFs. J. Power Electron. 4(1), 175–182 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ghadimi, A.A., Ebadi, M.: Employing multi-phase DG sources as active power filters using fuzzy logic controller. J. Power Electron. 15(5), 1329–1337 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Huang, W., Zhou, L.D., Zheng, Z.H.: Neural network PI repetition controller for three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter. Power Syst. Prot. Control 40(3), 78–84 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ni, F.Y., Li, Z.M.: UPQC harmonic current detection method based on ultra-short feedback predictive PI control strategy. In IEEE 12th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments, pp. 324–329 (2015)

  31. Heng, M.Z., Liu, J.M., Tan, L.X.: Fast seeking the superior PI parameters in prime mover simulation system based on genetic algorithm. RELAY 35(2), 25–39 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Li, X.Y., Li, X.M., Li, X.W.: Cellular genetic algorithm based on Chaotic Map. PR & AI 28(1), 42–49 (2015)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Li, J., Zhou, J.Y., Wang, K.: Calculation of static voltage stability margin based on chaos artificial fish swarm algorithm. In Proceeding of the CSU-EPSA, Vol. 25, No. (4), pp. 79–85 (2013)

  34. Wang, X.F., Du, Z.Y., Pan, F.: Tuning PID Parameters based on Chaotic immune genetic algorithms. Comput. Eng. Appl. 46(13), 242–244 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Khadkikar, V.: Enhancing electric power quality using UPQC: a comprehensive overview. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 27(5), 2284–2297 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ni, F.Y., Li, Z.M.: The PI Controller research of UPQC in micro-grid based on RBF neural network. Int. J. Simul. Syst. Sci. Technol. 17(28), 2.1–2.6 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Li, Z.W., Yi, Z.P., Y, Y., Li, X., Yang, Y.W.: Optimal placement of traveling wave fault location equipment for power grid based on genetic algorithm. Power Syst. Prot. Control 43(3), 77–83 (2015)

  38. Khoie, M., Sedigh, A.K., Salahshoor, K.: PID controller tuning using multi-objective optimization based on fused genetic-immune algorithm and immune feedback mechanism. In IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, pp. 2459–2464 (2011)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51477070), Jiangsu Province Prospective Joint Research Project (BY2015028-01), a Project Funded by The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and Changzhou Electric Power Company Science Research Foundation (KYH16044).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China

    Fuyin Ni & Zhengming Li

  2. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, Jiangsu, China

    Fuyin Ni, Qi Wang & Songlin Wo

Authors
  1. Fuyin Ni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhengming Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qi Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Songlin Wo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhengming Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ni, F., Li, Z., Wang, Q. et al. UPQC voltage sag detection based on chaotic immune gentic algorithm. Cluster Comput 20, 321–333 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-016-0704-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-016-0704-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation