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Cost-aware horizontal scaling of NoSQL databases using probabilistic model checking

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Abstract

In this work we target horizontal scaling of NoSQL databases, which exhibit highly varying, unpredictable and difficult to model behavior coupled with transient phenomena during VM removals and/or additions. We propose a solution that is cost-aware, systematic, dependable while it accounts for performance unpredictability and volatility. To this end, we model the elasticity as a dynamically instantiated Markov decision process, which can be both solved and verified using probabilistic model checking. Further, we propose a range of complementary decision making policies, which are thoroughly evaluated in workloads from real traces. The evaluation provides strong insights into the trade-offs between performance and cost that our policies can achieve and prove that we can avoid both over- and under-provisioning.

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Notes

  1. In this work, the terms node and VM are used interchangeably.

  2. This policy was originally proposed in our previous work [5] named as ADVANCED.

  3. https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Athanasios Naskos, Anastasios Gounaris & Panagiotis Katsaros

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  1. Athanasios Naskos
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Correspondence to Athanasios Naskos.

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Naskos, A., Gounaris, A. & Katsaros, P. Cost-aware horizontal scaling of NoSQL databases using probabilistic model checking. Cluster Comput 20, 2687–2701 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-017-0816-5

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