Abstract
This study investigated the determinants of digital music success in South Korea. We identified information sources and factors that may influence the consumption of digital music, including song and artist factors, record label and distributor influence factors, promotional media influence factors, and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). The analysis was conducted using music download data and ranking chart data from a major music platform. First, we found that traditional promotional media, such as the number of television or radio exposures and appearances in an audition program, significantly affected the success of music. Second, regarding social promotional media factors, promotional videos on YouTube mainly affected short-term success, whereas Twitter mentions showed an increasing influence over time. Third, an artist with a long career positively affected a song's early success, while frequent song releases had a negative impact. Our results offer marketers insights into promoting digital music in this new era.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aguiar, L., & Martens, B. (2016). Digital music consumption on the Internet: Evidence from clickstream data. Information Economics and Policy, 34, 27–43.
Gopal, R. D., Bhattacharjee, S., & Sanders, G. L. (2006). Do artists benefit from online music sharing? The Journal of business, 79(3), 1503–1533.
Peitz, M., & Waelbroeck, P. (2006). Why the music industry may gain from free downloading—the role of sampling. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(5), 907–913.
Vaccaro, V. L., & Cohn, D. Y. (2004). The evolution of business models and marketing strategies in the music industry. International journal on media management, 6(1–2), 46–58.
Hughes, J., & Lang, K. R. (2003). If I had a song: The culture of digital community networks and its impact on the music industry. International Journal on Media Management, 5(3), 180–189.
Li, S., Luo, Q., Qiu, L., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2020). Optimal pricing model of digital music: Subscription, ownership or mixed? Production and Operations Management, 29(3), 688–704.
Batra, R., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Integrating marketing communications: New findings, new lessons, and new ideas. Journal of marketing, 80(6), 122–145.
Strobl, E. A., & Tucker, C. (2000). The dynamics of chart success in the UK pre-recorded popular music industry. Journal of Cultural Economics, 24(2), 113–134.
Bhattacharjee, S., Gopal, R. D., Lertwachara, K., Marsden, J. R., & Telang, R. (2007). The effect of digital sharing technologies on music markets: A survival analysis of albums on ranking charts. Management Science, 53(9), 1359–1374.
Asai, S. (2008). Factors affecting hits in Japanese popular music. Journal of Media Economics, 21(2), 97–113.
Herremans, D., Martens, D., & Sörensen, K. (2014). Dance hit song prediction. Journal of New Music Research, 43(3), 291–302.
Pachet, F., & Roy, P. (2008, September). Hit Song Science Is Not Yet a Science. In ISMIR (pp. 355–360).
Li, T., Ogihara, M., & Tzanetakis, G. (Eds.). (2011). Music data mining. CRC Press.
Im, H., Song, H., & Jung, J. (2018). A survival analysis of songs on digital music platform. Telematics and Informatics, 35(6), 1675–1686.
Kretschmer, T., & Peukert, C. (2020). Video killed the radio star? Online music videos and recorded music sales. Information Systems Research, 31(3), 776–800.
Blackburn, D. (2004). Online piracy and recorded music sales. Unpublished manuscript, 1–60.
Dhar, V., & Chang, E. A. (2009). Does chatter matter? The impact of user-generated content on music sales. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 23(4), 300–307.
Aguiar, L., & Waldfogel, J. (2018). As streaming reaches flood stage, does it stimulate or depress music sales? International Journal of Industrial Organization, 57, 278–307.
Chen, H., De, P., & Hu, Y. J. (2015). IT-enabled broadcasting in social media: An empirical study of artists’ activities and music sales. Information Systems Research, 26(3), 513–531.
Chu, C. W., & Lu, H. P. (2007). Factors influencing online music purchase intention in Taiwan. Internet Research.
Zentner, A. (2005). File sharing and international sales of copyrighted music: an empirical analysis with a panel of countries. The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. https://doi.org/10.1515/1538-0653.1452
Zentner, A. (2008). Online sales, Internet use, file sharing, and the decline of retail music specialty stores. Information Economics and Policy, 20(3), 288–300.
Liebowitz, S. J., & Watt, R. (2006). How to best ensure remuneration for creators in the market for music? Copyright and its alternatives. Journal of Economic Surveys, 20(4), 513–545.
Bishop, K. (2006). Raising the dead. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 33(4), 196–205.
Ogden, J. R., Ogden, D. T., & Long, K. (2011). Music marketing: a history and landscape. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(2), 120–125.
McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. Journal of consumer research, 16(3), 310–321.
Banks, J. (1997). Video in the machine: the incorporation of music video into the recording industry. Popular music, 16(3), 293–309.
Edmond, M. (2014). Here we go again: music videos after YouTube. Television & New Media, 15(4), 305–320.
Burgess, J., & Green, J. (2018). YouTube: Online video and participatory culture. Wiley.
Zhou, R., Khemmarat, S., Gao, L., Wan, J., & Zhang, J. (2016). How YouTube videos are discovered and its impact on video views. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 75(10), 6035–6058.
IFPI (2018), MUSIC CONSUMER INSIGHT REPORT. [Online] Available: https://www.ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/091018_Music-Consumer-Insight-Report-2018.pdf (October 9, 2018), Accessed date: 15 August 2021.
Hiller, R. S. (2016). Sales displacement and streaming music: Evidence from YouTube. Information Economics and Policy, 34, 16–26.
Sun, M., & Zhu, F. (2013). Ad revenue and content commercialization: Evidence from blogs. Management Science, 59(10), 2314–2331.
TechCrunch (2007), YouTube launches revenue sharing partners program, but no pre-rolls. [Online] Available: https://techcrunch.com/2007/05/04/youtube-launches-revenue-sharing-partners-program-but-no-pre-rolls/ (May 4, 2007), Accessed date: 15 August 2021.
Fleder, D., & Hosanagar, K. (2009). Blockbuster culture’s next rise or fall: The impact of recommender systems on sales diversity. Management Science, 55(5), 697–712.
Susarla, A., Oh, J.-H., & Tan, Y. (2012). Social networks and the diffusion of user-generated content: Evidence from YouTube. Information Systems Research, 23(1), 23–41.
Tucker, C., & Zhang, J. (2011). How does popularity information affect choices? A field experiment. Management Science, 57(5), 828–842.
Kim, Y., Suh, B., & Lee, K. (2014). # nowplaying the future Billboard: mining music listening behaviors of Twitter users for hit song prediction. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the first international workshop on Social media retrieval and analysis.
Bockstedt, J. C., Kauffman, R. J., & Riggins, F. J. (2006). The move to artist-led on-line music distribution: A theory-based assessment and prospects for structural changes in the digital music market. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 10(3), 7–38.
Datta, H., Knox, G., & Bronnenberg, B. J. (2018). Changing their tune: How consumers’ adoption of online streaming affects music consumption and discovery. Marketing Science, 37(1), 5–21.
Maftei, V. A., Gerogiannis, V. C., & Papageorgiou, E. I. (2016). Critical success factors of online music streaming services-a case study of applying the fuzzy cognitive maps method. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 11(3), 276–300.
Nguyen, G. D., Dejean, S., & Moreau, F. (2014). On the complementarity between online and offline music consumption: the case of free streaming. Journal of Cultural Economics, 38(4), 315–330.
Wlömert, N., & Papies, D. (2016). On-demand streaming services and music industry revenues—Insights from Spotify’s market entry. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(2), 314–327.
Bradlow, E. T., & Fader, P. S. (2001). A Bayesian lifetime model for the “Hot 100” Billboard songs. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 96(454), 368–381.
Arndt, J. (1967). Word of mouth advertising: a review of the literature. Advertising Research Foundation. Inc.
Godes, D., & Mayzlin, D. (2004). Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication. Marketing Science, 23(4), 545–560.
Hennig-Thurau, T., Wiertz, C., & Feldhaus, F. (2015). Does Twitter matter? The impact of microblogging word of mouth on consumers’ adoption of new movies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(3), 375–394.
Dewan, S., & Ramaprasad, J. (2014). Social media, traditional media, and music sales. MIS Quarterly, 38(1), 101–122.
Cho, H., & Salmon, C. T. (2007). Unintended effects of health communication campaigns. Journal of communication, 57(2), 293–317.
Slater, M. D. (2004). Operationalizing and analyzing exposure: The foundation of media effects research. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 168–183.
So, J., Kim, S., & Cohen, H. (2017). Message fatigue: Conceptual definition, operationalization, and correlates. Communication Monographs, 84(1), 5–29.
Kinnick, K. N., Krugman, D. M., & Cameron, G. T. (1996). Compassion fatigue: Communication and burnout toward social problems. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(3), 687–707.
Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1979). Effects of message repetition and position on cognitive response, recall, and persuasion. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 97.
Toubia, O., Iyengar, G., Bunnell, R., & Lemaire, A. (2019). Extracting features of entertainment products: A guided latent Dirichlet allocation approach informed by the psychology of media consumption. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(1), 18–36.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, M., Kim, Hj. Exploring determinants of digital music success in South Korea. Electron Commer Res 24, 1659–1680 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09573-5
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09573-5