Abstract
This study proposes a new soil-water characteristic model to predict the variation of volumetric water content with the matric suction pressure for unsaturated soil conditions. The proposed model has been built utilizing the nondestructive electrical properties of the unsaturated soil. In addition, nine previous models have been collected and used in parallel with the new model to predict the soil-water characteristic relationships for four sets of different experimental data. The study has clearly revealed that the new proposed model agreed very well with the experimental data with R2 values of 0.90, 0.93, 0.95, and 0.92 for the four studied cases respectively. However, none of the collected nine models had the power of the new proposed model in terms of predicting the experimental data for all the studied cases. Furthermore, it was concluded that the new model parameters have been correlated strongly with the final volumetric water content.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
This study has used reliable published data from the literature with proper citations.
References
Bishop AW, Blight G (1963) Some aspects of effective stress in saturated and partly saturated soils. Geotechnique 13:177–197. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1963.13.3.177
Brooks R, Corey A (1964) ; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO., USA
Brutsaert W (1966) Probability laws for pore size distributions. Soil Sci 101:85–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196602000-00002
Diel J, Vogel H, Schlüter S (2019) Impact of wetting and drying cycles on soil structure dynamics. Geoderma 345:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.018
Eyo EU, Ng’ambi S, Abbey SJ (2020) An overview of soil–water characteristic curves of stabilised soils and their influential factors. J King Saud Univ – Eng Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2020.07.013
Fredlund DG, Rahardjo H, Fredlund MD, INC (2012) Unsaturated soil mechanics in engineering practice. JOHN WILEY & SONS. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118280492
Fredlund DG, Xing A (1994) Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve. Can Geotech J 31:521–532. https://doi.org/10.1139/t94-061
Fredlund DG (1995) ; 13–16 Dec., Singapore, World Scientific, River Edge, NJ, USA:113–133
Gardner W Mathematics of isothermal water conduction in unsaturated soils. Highway Research Board Special Report 40 International Symposuim on Physico-Chemical Phenomenon in Soils 1956; Washington DC, USA:78–87
McKee CR, Bumb AC Flow-testing coalbed methane production wells in the presence of water and gas. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Formation Evaluation, Richardson 1987;TX, USA:599–608. https://doi.org/10.2118/14447-PA
McKee CR, Bumb AC, Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute National Conference) (1984) The importance of unsaturated flow parameters in designing a hazardous waste site. In Hazardous Waste and Environmental Emergencies (; Houston, TX, USA, 12–14 March, Silver Spring, Md.:50–58
Novak VS, Simaunek J, Genuchten MTV (2000) ; 126:41–47. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2000)126:1(41)
Raheem AM, Vipulanandan C (2020) Salt contamination and temperature impacts on the rheological and electrical resistivity behaviors of water based drilling mud. J Energy Sources Part A: Recovery Utilization Environ Eff 42(3):344–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1587080
Raheem AM, Vipulanandan C, Joshaghani MS (2017) Non-destructive experimental testing and modeling of electrical impedance behavior of untreated and treated ultra-soft clayey soils. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 9:543–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.02.001
Raheem AM, Vipulanandan C (2019) Characterization and finite element analysis of lime and polymer treated ultra-soft clay soils using the electrical resistivity and miniature penetrometer methods. Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia 16(1):71–83. https://doi.org/10.13168/AGG.2019.0006
Raheem AM, Vipulanandan C (2021) Characterization of lime and polymer treated ultra-soft clay soils using the modified vane shear and correlating the shear strengths to the electrical resistivity and CIGMAT miniature penetrometer for nondestructive field tests. Geotech Geol Eng 39:3047–3063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01677-3
Saadeldin R, Henni A (2016) A novel modeling approach for the simulation of soil–water interaction in a highly plastic clay. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resources 2:77–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-016-0023-5
Sani JE, Yohanna P, Chukwujama IA (2020) Effect of rice husk ash admixed with treated sisal fibre on properties of lateritic soil as a road construction material. King Saud University–Engineering Sciences 32:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2018.11.001
Satyanaga A, Rahardjo H, Leong EC, Wang JY (2013) Water characteristic curve of soil with bimodal grain-size distribution. Comput Geotech 48:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.09.008
Satyanaga A, Rahardjo H, Zhai Q (2017) Estimation of unimodal water characteristic curve for gap-graded soil. Soils Found 57:789–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.08.009
Sillers WS, Fredlund DG (2001) Statistical assessment of soil-water characteristic curve models for geotechnical engineering. Can Geotech J 38:1297–1313. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-38-6-1297
van Genuchten, MTh (1980) A closed form equation predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:892–898. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
Vanapalli S, Pufahl D, Fredlund D (1998) ; Edmonton, Canada
Vipulanandan C, Prashanth P (2013) Impedance spectroscopy characterization of a piezoresistive structural polymer composite bulk sensor. J Test Eval 41(6):898–904. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20120249
Wang J, Zhuang P, Luan J, Liu T, Tan Y, Zhang J (2019) Estimation of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of granular soils from particle size parameters. Water 11:1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11091826
Zapata CE, Houston WN, Houston SL, Walsh KD (2000) Soil–Water Characteristic Curve Variability. Advances in Unsaturated Geotechnics. Geo-Denver 84–124. https://doi.org/10.1061/40510(287)7
Zhai Q, Rahardjo H, Satyanaga A (2019) Uncertainty in the estimation of hysteresis of soil-water characteristic curve. Environ Geotechnics 6(4):204–213. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.17.00008
Zhai Q, Rahardjo H, Satyanaga A, Dai G (2020a) Estimation of the soil-water characteristic curve from the grain size distribution of coarse-grained soils. Eng Geol 267:105502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105502
Zhai Q, Rahardjo H, Satyanaga A, Dai G, Du Y (2020b) Estimation of the wetting scanning curves for sandy soils. Eng Geol 272:105635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105635
Zhai Q, Rahardjo H, Satyanaga A, Dai G, Zhuang Y Framework to estimate the soil-water characteristic curve for soils with different void ratios.Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2020c;79:4399–4409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01825-8
Zhang X (2004) ; Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Zhou AN, Sheng D, Carter JP (2012) Modelling the effect of initial density on soil water characteristic curves. Geotechnique 62:669–680. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.10.P.120
Funding
The study received no funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Aram Mohammed Raheem wrote, prepared and reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on "Ethical responsibilities of Authors" as found in the Instructions for Authors and are aware that with minor exceptions, no changes can be made to authorship once the paper is submitted.
Conflict of interest:
The author declares that this study has no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The author confirms that the work is original and has not been published previously elsewhere.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Raheem, A.M. Developing a New Soil-Water Characteristic Model Using Nondestructive Electrical Properties for Unsaturated Soil. Geotech Geol Eng 41, 1589–1601 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02355-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02355-8