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Reactant and Waste Minimization during Sample Preparation on Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips using Splitting Trees

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Abstract

Biological assays around “lab-on-a-chip (LoC)” are required in multiple concentration (or dilution) factors, satisfying specific sample concentrations. Unfortunately, most of them suffer from non-locality and are non-protectable, requiring a large footprint and high purchase cost. A digital geometric technique can generate arbitrary gradient profiles for digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs). A next- generation DMFB has been proposed based on the microelectrode-dot-array (MEDA) architectures are shown to produce and disperse droplets by channel dispensing and lamination mixing. Prior work in this area must address the problem of reactant and waste minimization and concurrent sample preparation for multiple target concentrations. This paper proposes the first splitting-droplet sharing algorithm for reactant and waste minimization of multiple target concentrations on MEDAs. The proposed algorithm not only minimizes the consumption of reagents but also reduces the number of waste droplets by preparing the target concentrations concurrently. Experimental results on a sequence of exponential gradients are presented in support of the proposed method and demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency. Compared to prior work, the proposed algorithm can achieve up to a 24.8% reduction in sample usage and reach an average of 50% reduction in waste droplets.

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Data Availibility

The datasets generated and analyzed during The current study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the fund of Fujian Province Digital Economy Alliance, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1905211), and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2020J01500).

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Author notes

  1. Xiao Chen and Zhenyi Chen are authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Xueyuan Rd., Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China

    Chen Dong & Xiao Chen

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa Bay, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA

    Zhenyi Chen

  3. Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing, Fuzhou University, Xueyuan Rd., Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China

    Chen Dong

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Correspondence to Chen Dong.

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Dong, C., Chen, X. & Chen, Z. Reactant and Waste Minimization during Sample Preparation on Micro-Electrode-Dot-Array Digital Microfluidic Biochips using Splitting Trees. J Electron Test 40, 87–99 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-024-06103-z

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