Abstract
Cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements are fundamentally limited by photon statistics. Therefore, ground-based CMB observatories have been increasing the number of detectors that are simultaneously observing the sky. Thanks to the advent of monolithically fabricated transition edge sensor arrays, the number of on-sky detectors has been increasing exponentially for over a decade. The next-generation experiment CMB-S4 will increase this detector count by more than an order of magnitude from the current state of the art to 500,000. The readout of such a huge number of exquisitely precise sub-Kelvin sensors is feasible using an existing technology: frequency-domain multiplexing. To further optimize this system and reduce complexity and cost, we have recently made significant advances including the elimination of 4 K electronics, a massive decrease in parasitic in-series impedances, and a significant increase in multiplexing factor.
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Acknowledgements
TdH acknowledges the LBNL Chamberlain Fellowship with funding from Quantum Information Science Enabled Discovery (QuantISED) for High Energy Physics (KA2401032) and the LBNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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de Haan, T., Suzuki, A., Boyd, S.T.P. et al. Recent Advances in Frequency-Multiplexed TES Readout: Vastly Reduced Parasitics and an Increase in Multiplexing Factor with Sub-Kelvin SQUIDs. J Low Temp Phys 199, 754–761 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02403-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02403-8