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JPEG image tampering localization based on normalized gray level co-occurrence matrix

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Abstract

To locate the tampered region of double compressed JPEG images, one of the most effective methods is based on the statistical characteristic of the images. After tampering operation, the tampered region and the original region will have different statistical distributions. And according to this cue, the histogram of DCT coefficients can be moded as the mixture of the distributions of DCT coefficients in tampered and untampered regions. By estimating each distribution of the mixture model, the probability of being tampered of each DCT block can be calculated and the final localization result can be obtained. Thus the mixture model will significant impact the result. In this paper, a novel mixture model based on normalized gray level co-occurrence matrix (NGLCM) is proposed for tampering localization in JPEG images. Firstly, NGLCM is used to measure the conditional probabilities of being tampered regions and being untampered regions for each 8 × 8 DCT coefficient block, which can take advantage of both the statistical characteristic of double quantization effect and the relationship among neighboring blocks. Then the Bayesian posterior probability map is generated by the conditional probabilities, which indicates the tampering probability of each block. Finally, the map is refined based on a inter-block connectivity and Gaussian weighted filter strategy to determine the final tampered region location. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can localize the tampered region of JPEG images with a satisfactory performance and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1736118), the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFB0802500), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No. 2016A030313350), the Special Funds for Science and Technology Development of Guangdong (No. 2016KZ010103), the Key Project of Scientific Research Plan of Guangzhou (No. 201804020068), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 16lgjc83 and No. 17lgjc45).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Data and Computer Science, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Fei Xue, Wei Lu, Ziyi Ye & Hongmei Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Wei Lu

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  1. Fei Xue
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  2. Wei Lu
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Correspondence to Wei Lu.

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Xue, F., Lu, W., Ye, Z. et al. JPEG image tampering localization based on normalized gray level co-occurrence matrix. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 9895–9918 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6611-3

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