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Tile-size aware bitrate allocation for adaptive 360\(^{\circ }\) video streaming

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Abstract

360\(^{\circ }\) videos have become increasingly popular recently, but consume much more bandwidth than non-360\(^{\circ }\) videos. Usually, 360\(^{\circ }\) video streaming partitions the video surface into multiple tiles and encodes the tiles independently to effectively and flexibly use limited link bandwidth. However, current bitrate adaptive algorithms generally aim to maximize the bitrate, rather than perceptual quality, resulting in degradation of user experience. More importantly, we reveal that the distribution of tile size is very skewed, that is, a small number of large tiles consumes more bandwidth than a large number of small tiles, further hurting the overall viewing quality. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a tile-size aware bitrate allocation scheme TSA for adaptive 360\(^{\circ }\) video streaming to improve the viewing experience of users. Specifically, TSA cautiously decreases the quality of a few large tiles to allocate more bandwidth to large number of small tiles, thus improving the perceptual quality of overall video, without sacrificing large tiles excessively. Experiments over real-world datasets show that TSA effectively improves V-VMAF by up to 39% compared with several state-of-the-art adaptive bitrate algorithms.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the reviewers for their insightful feedback. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62302524, 62132022), and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2024JJ6531). This work was also carried out in part using computing resources at the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China

    Jiawei Huang, Mingyue Liu, Jingling Liu, Feng Gao & Jianxin Wang

  2. School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Weihe Li

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Correspondence to Jingling Liu.

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Huang, J., Liu, M., Liu, J. et al. Tile-size aware bitrate allocation for adaptive 360\(^{\circ }\) video streaming. Multimed Tools Appl (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-19486-0

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