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Neuroprotective Effects of Methanolic Extract of Avocado Persea americana (var. Colinred) Peel on Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Lipid Peroxidation and Shortage of Life Span in Transgenic knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, finding new antioxidant sources might be beneficial for its treatment. Avocado Persea americana is a fruit widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. Although avocado by-products in the form of peel, seed coat and seeds are currently of no commercial use, they constitute a natural source of bioactive compounds. Methanolic (80%) extract obtained from lyophilized ground peels, seed coats, and seeds of the avocado Hass, Fuerte, Reed and Colinred varieties were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and their correlations with antioxidant capacity (AC) were assessed by ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. For all varieties, the var. Colinred peel shows the highest TPC and AC. Further analysis showed that the var. Colinred peel presented major phenolic compounds B-type procyanidins and epicatechin according to HPLC–MS. The antioxidant effect of peel extract was evaluated upon in vivo oxidative stress (OS) model. We show for the first time that the peel extract can protect and/or prevent transgenic parkinDrosophila melanogaster fly against paraquat-induced OS, movement impairment and lipid peroxidation, as model of PD. Our findings offer an exceptional opportunity to test natural disease-modifying substances from avocado’s by-products.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Ophidism and Scorpionism Research Group (Dr DM Benjumea-Gutierrez, JC Alarcon-Perez) and Bioactive Substances Service and Research Group (SIU-UdeA) for the use of the instruments and technical assistance. The authors would also like to thank the “Antioquean Avocado Corporation” (Corporacion Antioqueña del Aguacate, JC Ruiz-Perez) for the donation of plant material.

Funding

This work was supported by the “Committee for Development and Research” (Comité para el Desarrollo y la Investigación-CODI, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA) Grants #2545. HFOA is a doctoral student from the Neuroscience program at the Basic Biomedical Sciences Academic Corporation-UdeA.

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  1. Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin, Colombia

    Hector Flavio Ortega-Arellano, Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio & Carlos Velez-Pardo

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Contributions

MJ-Del-R and CV-P conceived and designed the experiments; HFO-A performed the experiments; HFO-A, CV-P, MJ-Del-R analyzed the data; MJ-Del-R contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; CV-P, MJ-Del-R and HFO-A wrote and approved the paper.

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Correspondence to Carlos Velez-Pardo.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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This study was carried out in accordance with National Legislation for Live Animal Experimentation (Colombia Republic, Resolution 08430, 1993). Experiments with Flies received the approval of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of the SIU-UdeA (act #83-2013).

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Ortega-Arellano, H.F., Jimenez-Del-Rio, M. & Velez-Pardo, C. Neuroprotective Effects of Methanolic Extract of Avocado Persea americana (var. Colinred) Peel on Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Lipid Peroxidation and Shortage of Life Span in Transgenic knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Res 44, 1986–1998 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02835-z

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