Abstract
In passive optical network (PON), in addition to efficient bandwidth management, a dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) scheme can also enhance the energy efficiency performance of the optical networks units (ONUs) during sleep mode. A few such green DBA schemes have been proposed in literature for EPON, however, ITU compliant PONs have not got attention. In this study, the role of a DBA scheme during the cyclic sleep mode for XGPON has been investigated. A sleep assistive (SA)-DBA scheme is proposed that not only improves the energy saving performance of cyclic sleep mode but also reduces the upstream delays and variance for all the type-2 (T2), type-3 (T3) and type-4 (T4) traffic classes. Although, the upstream delay of type-1 (T1) traffic class slightly increases, the average upstream delay of all the traffic classes remains below the set target delay limit of 56 ms.
















Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sanou, B.: ICT Facts and Figures 2017. Switzerland, Geneva (2017)
Effenberger, F.J.: Industrial trends and roadmap of access. J. Lightwave Technol. 35(5), 1142–1146 (2017)
Klein, T.E., Richard, P.: ICT energy challenges, impact and solutions. In: 19th International ICIN Conference—Innovations in Clouds, Internet and Networks, pp. 281–286
Conti, J., Holtberg, P., Diefenderfer, J., LaRose, A., Turnure, J.T., Westfall, L.: International energy outlook 2016 with projections to 2040. In: Annual report by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), vol. DOE/EIA-04, US EIA, Washington, D.C 20585, pp. 1–290 (2016)
Mills, M.P.: The Cloud Begins with Coal: Big data, Big Networks, Big infrastructure, and Big power—An Overview of the Electricity use by the Global Digital Ecosystem, pp. 1–48. Digital Power Group, New York (2013)
Andrae, A., Edler, T.: On global electricity usage of communication technology: trends to 2030. Challenges 6(1), 117–157 (2015)
Butt, R.A., Hasunah Mohammad, S., Idrus, S.M., Rehman, S.U.: Evolution of access network from copper to PON—Current status. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 10(18), 1–10 (2015)
Mahloo, M., Chen, J., Wosinska, L.: PON versus AON: which is the best solution to offload core network by peer-to-peer traffic localization. Opt. Switch. Netw. 15, 1–9 (2015)
Abbas, H.S., Gregory, M.A.: The next generation of passive optical networks: a review. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 67, 53–74 (2016)
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Qureshi, K.N., Shah, P.M.A., Zulkifli, N.: An energy efficient cyclic sleep control framework for ITU PONs. Opt. Switch. Netw. 27, 7–17 (2018)
Valcarenghi, L. et al.: Energy efficiency in optical access networks. In: Italian Networking Workshop, pp. 38–40 (2011)
Dhaini, A.R., Ho, P.H., Shen, G.: Toward green next-generation passive optical networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 49(11), 94–101 (2011)
Shi, L., Mukherjee, B., Lee, S.S.: Energy-efficient PON with sleep-mode ONU: progress, challenges, and solutions. IEEE Netw. 26(2), 36–41 (2012)
Nikoukar, A., Hwang, I., Liem, A.T., Wang, C., Lin, Y., Golderzehi, V.: A new QoS-aware green dynamic bandwidth allocation in ethernet passive optical network. In: IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG) (2014)
Ahmed, M., Ahmad, I., Habibi, D.: Green wireless-optical broadband access network: energy and quality-of-service considerations. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(7), 669 (2015)
Khotimsky, D.A., Zhang, D., Yuan, L., Hirafuji, R.O.C., Member, S., Campelo, D.R.: Unifying sleep and doze modes for energy-efficient PON systems. IEEE Commun. Lett. 18(4), 688–691 (2014)
Lee, S.S.W., Li, K.-Y.: Adaptive state transition control for energy-efficient gigabit-capable passive optical networks. Photon Netw. Commun. 30(1), 71–84 (2015)
Hirafuji, R.O.C., Cunha, K.B., Campelo, D.R., Dhaini, A.R., Khotimsky, D.A.: The watchful sleep mode: a new standard for energy efficiency in future access networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 58(3), 150–157 (2015)
Mahmud, Y.A., Radzi, N.A.M., Abdullah, F., Din, N.M.: Fuzzy-logic based NSR DBA for upstream GPON. In: EEE 12th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC), pp. 169–174 (2015)
Bang, H., Kim, S., Lee, D.-S., Park, C.-S.: Dynamic bandwidth allocation method for high link utilization to support NSR ONUs in GPON. In: 12th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), vol. 1, pp. 1–6 (2010)
Walid, A., Chen, A.: Efficient and dynamic bandwidth allocation for non-status reporting gigabit passive optical networks (GPON). In: IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 2015, pp. 1000–1005 (2015)
He, R., Xie, H., Fang, X.: A long-term proportional fair dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for EPON. In: 2016 25th Wireless and Optical Communication Conference (WOCC), pp. 1–5 (2016)
Hossen, M., Saha, S.: Thread guaranteed algorithm for real time traffic in multi-threaded polling of PON-based open access network. In: International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), pp. 290–295 (2017)
Kanonakis, K., Tomkos, I.: Offset-based scheduling with flexible intervals for evolving GPON networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 27(15), 3259–3268 (2009)
Han, M.S., Yoo, H., Lee, D.S.: Development of efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON. ETRI J. 35(1), 18–26 (2013)
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Rehman, S.-U., Shah, P.M.A., Zulkifli, N.: Comprehensive polling and scheduling mechanism for long reach gigabit passive optical network. J. Opt. Commun. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0026
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Zulkifli, N., Ashraf, M.W.: A survey of energy conservation schemes for present and next generation passive optical networks. J. Commun. 13(3), 129–140 (2018)
Yan, Y., et al.: Energy management mechanism for ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs). In: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–5 (2010)
Van Pham, D., Valcarenghi, L., Chincoli, M., Castoldi, P.: Experimental evaluation of a sleep-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation in a multi-ONU 10G-EPON testbed. Opt. Switch. Netw. 14(Part1), 11–24 (2014)
Dixit, A., Lannoo, B., Colle, D., Pickavet, M., Demeester, P.: ONU power saving modes in next generation optical access networks: progress, efficiency and challenges. Opt. Express 20(26), B52–B63 (2012)
Dixit, A., Lannoo, B., Colle, D., Pickavet, M., Demeester, P.: Energy efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation for ethernet passive optical networks: overview, challenges, and solutions. Opt. Switch. Netw. 18, 169–179 (2015)
Li, C., Guo, W., Hu, W., Xia, M.: Energy-efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation for EPON networks with sleep mode ONUs. Opt. Switch. Netw. 15, 121–133 (2015)
Nikoukar, A.A., Hwang, I.S., Liem, A.T., Wang, C.J.: QoS-aware energy-efficient mechanism for sleeping mode ONUs in enhanced EPON. Photon Netw. Commun. 30(1), 59–70 (2015)
Dias, M.P.I., Wong, E.: Sleep/doze controlled dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms for energy-efficient passive optical networks. Opt. Express 21(8), 9931–9946 (2013)
Wong, S.W., Valcarenghi, L., Yen, S.H., Campelo, D.R., Yamashita, S., Kazovsky, L.: Sleep mode for energy saving PONs: advantages and drawbacks. In: IEEE Globecom Workshops, pp. 1–6 (2009)
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Qureshi, K.N., Zulkifli, N., Mohammad, S.H.: Improved dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(1), 87–97 (2017)
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Zulkifli, N., Ashraf, M.W.: Comprehensive bandwidth utilization and polling mechanism for XGPON. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 31, e3475 (2017)
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Qureshi, K.N., Shah, P.M.A., Zulkifli, N.: An energy efficient cyclic sleep control framework for ITU PONs. Opt. Switch. Netw. 27, 7–17 (2018)
Bokhari, M., Sohail, M., Kasi, J.K., Kasi, A.K.: Performance analysis of passive optical networks with energy saving through the integrated sleep mode. Opt. Switch. Netw. 21, 16–30 (2016)
Skubic, B., Hood, D.: Evaluation of ONU power saving modes for gigabit-capable passive optical networks. IEEE Netw. 25(2), 20–24 (2011)
Butt, R.A., Idrus, S.M., Qureshi, K.N.: Improved dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9(1), 87–97 (2017)
Hirafuji, R.O.C., Dhaini, A., Khotimsky, D.: Energy efficiency analysis of the watchful sleep mode in next-generation passive optical networks. In: IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC), pp. 689–695 (2016)
Acknowledgements
Funding was provided by Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (SRGP Grant No. 1981).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Butt, R.A., Faheem, M., Ashraf, M.W. et al. Sleep assistive dynamic bandwidth assignment scheme for passive optical network (PON). Photon Netw Commun 36, 289–300 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0799-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0799-z