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Effective International Tourism Management: A Strategic Approach

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Abstract

The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between international tourism indicators, crime rate, and vulnerability in a panel of 16 tourist-oriented countries over the period of 1990–2014. The study constructed a vulnerability index by using three socioeconomic factors, (1) poverty, (2) income inequality, and (3) unemployment rate. The results show that crime rate and vulnerability both decreases international tourism demand, which were mediated through inadequate education and health resources. Trade openness moderately supported the international tourism demand under the crime rate and vulnerability index. The results confirmed the crime Kuznets curve that turned into inverted U-shaped relationship between crime rate and per capita income, while this relationship was not confirmed for vulnerability index. The panel causality relationships confirmed the unidirectional causality between crime-vulnerability and international tourism. Growth-fueled tourism demand was analyzed under a crime and vulnerability index. The study concludes that international tourism is an implied solution to reduce human costs by involving tourists to in pleasure activities to at tourists’ destinations.

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Fig. 1

Source: UNWTO (2015) and UNODC (2014)

Fig. 2

Source: UNWTO (2015), UNODC (2014), and World Bank (2015)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Research Group No. (RG-1436-037).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil & Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro

  2. Department of Economics, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

    Khalid Zaman

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  1. Abdelmohsen A. Nassani
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  2. Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil
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  3. Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro
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Nassani, A.A., Aldakhil, A.M., Abro, M.M.Q. et al. Effective International Tourism Management: A Strategic Approach. Soc Indic Res 137, 1201–1224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1625-1

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