Abstract
Using linear Vlasov theory of plasma waves and quasi-linear theory of resonant wave–particle interaction, the dispersion relations and the electromagnetic field fluctuations of fast and Alfvén waves are studied for a low-beta multi-ion plasma in the inner corona. Their probable roles in heating and accelerating the solar wind via Landau and cyclotron resonances are quantified. In this paper, we assume that i) low-frequency Alfvén and fast waves, emanating from the solar surface, have the same spectral shape and the same amplitude of power spectral density (PSD); ii) these waves eventually reach ion cyclotron frequencies due to a turbulence cascade; iii) kinetic wave–particle interaction powers the solar wind. The existence of alpha particles in a dominant proton/electron plasma can trigger linear mode conversion between oblique fast-whistler and hybrid alpha–proton cyclotron waves. The fast-cyclotron waves undergo both alpha and proton cyclotron resonances. The alpha cyclotron resonance in fast-cyclotron waves is much stronger than that in Alfvén-cyclotron waves. For alpha cyclotron resonance, an oblique fast-cyclotron wave has a larger left-handed electric field fluctuation, a smaller wave number, a larger local wave amplitude, and a greater energization capability than a corresponding Alfvén-cyclotron wave at the same wave propagation angle θ, particularly at 80∘<θ<90∘. When Alfvén-cyclotron or fast-cyclotron waves are present, alpha particles are the chief energy recipient. The transition of preferential energization from alpha particles to protons may be self-modulated by a differential speed and a temperature anisotropy of alpha particles via the self-consistently evolving wave–particle interaction. Therefore, fast-cyclotron waves, as a result of linear mode coupling, constitute a potentially important mechanism for preferential energization of minor ions in the main acceleration region of the solar wind.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by a grant from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) to the Aberystwyth University, UK. We are very grateful to the anonymous referee for his/her thoughtful and constructive comments, which have greatly improved the quality of this paper. We also sincerely thank Professor Takashi Sakurai and thank Mr. Jeff Smith for polishing the language of this paper.
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Xiong, M., Li, X. Roles of Fast-Cyclotron and Alfvén-Cyclotron Waves for the Multi-Ion Solar Wind. Sol Phys 279, 231–251 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-9973-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-012-9973-0