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Prominence and Filament Eruptions Observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory: Statistical Properties, Kinematics, and Online Catalog

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Abstract

We present a statistical study of prominence and filament eruptions observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Several properties are recorded for 904 events that were culled from the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) and incorporated into an online catalog for general use. These characteristics include the filament and eruption type, eruption symmetry and direction, apparent twisting and writhing motions, and the presence of vertical threads and coronal cavities. Associated flares and white-light coronal mass ejections (CME) are also recorded. Total rates are given for each property along with how they differ among filament types. We also examine the kinematics of 106 limb events to characterize the distinct slow- and fast-rise phases often exhibited by filament eruptions. The average fast-rise onset height, slow-rise duration, slow-rise velocity, maximum field-of-view (FOV) velocity, and maximum FOV acceleration are 83 Mm, 4.4 hours, 2.1 km s−1, 106 km s−1, and 111 m s−2, respectively. All parameters exhibit lognormal probability distributions similar to that of CME speeds. A positive correlation between latitude and fast-rise onset height is found, which we attribute to a corresponding negative correlation in the average vertical magnetic field gradient, or decay index, estimated from potential field source surface (PFSS) extrapolations. We also find the decay index at the fast-rise onset point to be 1.1 on average, consistent with the critical instability threshold theorized for straight current channels. Finally, we explore relationships between the derived kinematics properties and apparent twisting motions. We find that events with evident twist have significantly faster CME speeds and significantly lower fast-rise onset heights, suggesting relationships between these values and flux rope helicity.

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Notes

  1. Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase: http://www.lmsal.com/hek/ .

  2. Helioviewer: http://helioviewer.org/ .

  3. SDO Filament Eruption Catalog: http://aia.cfa.harvard.edu/filament/ .

  4. Hinode/XRT Flare Catalog: http://xrt.cfa.harvard.edu/flare_catalog/ .

  5. Hinode and SDO Sigmoid Catalog: http://aia.cfa.harvard.edu/sigmoid/ .

  6. SolarSoft Latest Events: http://www.lmsal.com/solarsoft/latest_events/ .

  7. CACTus CME catalog: http://sidc.oma.be/cactus/ .

  8. SolarSoft IDL FORWARD Package: http://www.hao.ucar.edu/FORWARD/ .

  9. SolarSoft IDL PFSS Package: http://www.lmsal.com/~derosa/pfsspack/ .

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Acknowledgements

Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through grant NNX12AI30G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grant AGS1263241 for the solar physics Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program at SAO, and by the Lockheed-Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL) through contract SP02H1701R to SAO for support of the AIA. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grants No. 11333009, 11173062, 11473071, and J1210039, along with the Youth Fund of Jiangsu through grant No. BK20141043. The SDO is a NASA satellite, and the AIA instrument team is led by LMSAL. We gratefully acknowledge the anonymous referee for their constructive comments. P.I.M. thanks Sarah Gibson for her FORWARD tutorial, which facilitated our decay index analyses. We also thank the observers who contributed filament eruptions to the HEK: Anna Malanushenko, Nariaki Nitta, Wei Liu, Karel Schrijver, Mark Cheung, Ryan Timmons, Thomas Berger, Marc DeRosa, Ralph Seguin, Paul Higgins, Juan Martínez-Skyora, Alberto Sainz-Dalda, Gregory Slater, and Neil Hurlburt.

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  1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    P. I. McCauley, Y. N. Su, N. Schanche, K. E. Evans, S. McKillop & K. K. Reeves

  2. Key Laboratory for Dark Matter and Space Science, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Y. N. Su & C. Su

  3. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    K. E. Evans

  4. School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    C. Su

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  1. P. I. McCauley
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McCauley, P.I., Su, Y.N., Schanche, N. et al. Prominence and Filament Eruptions Observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory: Statistical Properties, Kinematics, and Online Catalog. Sol Phys 290, 1703–1740 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-015-0699-7

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