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Improving the FMM performance using optimal group size on heterogeneous system architectures

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Abstract

The fast multipole method (FMM) is commonly used to speed-up the time to solution of a wide diversity of N-body type problems. To use the FMM, the elements that constitute the geometry of the problem are clustered into groups of a given size (D) that may deeply vary the time to solution of the FMM. The optimal value of D, in the sense of minimizing the time cost, is unknown beforehand and it depends on several factors. Nevertheless, during the solver setup, it is possible to produce clusters of varying size D and to estimate the time to solution associated with each D. In this paper, we use octree structures to efficiently perform clustering and time cost estimation to find the optimal group size for the FMM implementations on a heterogeneous architecture. In addition, two different frameworks have been analyzed: single-level FMM and fast Fourier transform FMM (FMM-FFT). We found that the sensitivity of the time cost to the parameter D depends on factors, such as the problem size or the implementation of the FMM framework. Moreover, we observed that the time cost may be conspicuously reduced if a proper D is employed.

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Notes

  1. 4 cores at 3.6 GHz (Hyper-Threading enabled and Turbo Boost disabled).

  2. 1536 CUDA cores and 2 GB of GDDR5.

  3. http://www.fftw.org/.

  4. Consider that \(k_\mathrm{l} \propto \sqrt{N_\mathrm{g}}\), thus its drop is slower than \(N_\mathrm{g}\) (or \(Q\propto N_\mathrm{g}^{1.5}\)) rise.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” of Spain / FEDER under Projects TEC2014-54005-P and TEC2015-67387-C4-3-R; and by the “Gobierno del Principado de Asturias” / FEDER under Project FC-15-GRUPIN14-114.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, de Computadores y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Gijón, Spain

    J. A. López-Fernández & M. López-Portugués

  2. Departamento de Informática, Universidad de Oviedo, Gijón, Spain

    José Ranilla

Authors
  1. J. A. López-Fernández
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  2. M. López-Portugués
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  3. José Ranilla
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Correspondence to José Ranilla.

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López-Fernández, J.A., López-Portugués, M. & Ranilla, J. Improving the FMM performance using optimal group size on heterogeneous system architectures. J Supercomput 73, 291–301 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1860-2

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