Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Comment on “History, Origins and Prediction of Elastohydrodynamic Friction” by Spikes and Jie

  • Commentary
  • Published:
Tribology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Progress in the classical field of EHL has for decades been paralyzed by the assumption that shear thinning should be indistinguishable from the shear dependence of the viscosity of a liquid heated by viscous dissipation and that the parameters of this simple shear dependence can be obtained from the shape of a friction curve. In the last few years, by abandoning this assumption and employing real viscosity measured with viscometers, there has been revolutionary progress in predicting film thickness and friction. Now, Spikes and Jie conclude that the previous assumption has as much merit as the use of viscosity measured in viscometers. This suggestion may be popular among those who wish to ignore viscometer measurements in favor of extracting properties from friction curves. However, within the subject article, there are numerous misstatements of fact and misrepresentations by omission, and the recent progress using real viscosity is not acknowledged. The debate has degenerated into a friction curve fitting competition which is not helpful. The great progress of the last few years would not have been possible using the concepts and methods espoused in this article.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu, Y., Wang, Q.J., Bair, S., Vergne, P.: A quantitative solution for the full shear-thinning EHL point contact problem including traction. Tribol. Lett. 28(2), 171–181 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jang, J.Y., Khonsari, M.M., Bair, S.: On the elastohydrodynamic analysis of shear-thinning fluids. Proc. R. Soc. A 463(2088), 3271–3290 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu, Y., Wang, Q.J., Krupka, I., Hartl, M., Bair, S.: The shear-thinning elastohydrodynamic film thickness of a two-component mixture. J. Tribol. 130(2), 021502 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Krupka, I., Bair, S., Kumar, P., Khonsari, M.M., Hartl, M.: An experimental validation of the recently discovered scale effect in generalized Newtonian EHL. Tribol. Lett. 33(2), 127–135 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Martini, A., Bair, S.: The role of fragility in EHL entrapment. Tribol. Int. 43(1), 277–282 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Krupka, I., Kumar, P., Bair, S., Khonsari, M.M., Hartl, M.: The effect of load (pressure) for quantitative EHL film thickness. Tribol. Lett. 37(3), 613–622 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Habchi, W., Vergne, P., Bair, S., Andersson, O., Eyheramendy, D., Morales-Espejel, G.E.: Influence of pressure and temperature dependence of thermal properties of a lubricant on the behaviour of circular TEHD contacts. Tribol. Int. 43(10), 1842–1850 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Habchi, W., Bair, S., Vergne, P.: On friction regimes in quantitative elastohydrodynamics. Tribol. Int. 58, 107–117 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Habchi, W., Bair, S., Qureshi, F., Covitch, M.: A film thickness correction formula for double-Newtonian shear-thinning in rolling EHL circular contacts. Tribol. Lett. 50(1), 59–66 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Björling, M., Habchi, W., Bair, S., Larsson, R., Marklund, P.: Towards the true prediction of ehl friction. Tribol. Int. 66, 19–26 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Björling, M., Habchi, W., Bair, S., Larsson, R., Marklund, P.: Friction reduction in elastohydrodynamic contacts by thin-layer thermal insulation. Tribol. Lett. 53(2), 477–486 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Spikes, H., Jie, Z.: History, origins and prediction of elastohydrodynamic friction. Tribol. Lett. (2014). doi:10.1007/s11249-014-0396-y

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kleinschmidt, R.V., Bradbury, D., Mark, M.: Viscosity and density of over forty lubricating fluids of known composition at pressures to 150,000 psi and temperatures to 425 F. ASME, New York (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bair, S.: Roelands’ missing data. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng Part J. 218(1), 57–60 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bair, S.: A critical assessment of the role of viscometers in quantitative elastohydrodynamics. Tribol. Trans. 55(3), 394–399 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mooney, M.: A theory of the viscosity of a Maxwellian elastic liquid. Trans. Soc. Rheol. 1(1), 63–94 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Alfrey, T.A.: Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers, p. 87. Interscience, New York (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Greenwood, J. A.: Non-Newtonian lubrication. Elsevier Tribology Series, 39, Proceedings of the 27th Leeds/Lyon Symposium, 2000, Tribology Research from Model Experiment to Industrial Problem. 723–732 (2001)

  19. Bair, S., Winer, W. O. A rheological basis for concentrated contact friction. Elsevier Tribology Series, 27, Proceedings of the 20th Leeds/Lyon Symposium, 1993, Dissapative Processes in Tribology. 37–44 (1994)

  20. Champion, J.V., Meeten, G.H.: Flow birefringence in simple liquids. Trans. Faraday Soc. 64, 238–247 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bair, S.: Normal stress difference in liquid lubricants sheared under high pressure. Rheol. Acta 35(1), 13–23 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Bair, S., McCabe, C.: A study of mechanical shear bands in liquids at high pressure. Tribol. Int. 37(10), 783–789 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Berg, R.F.: Fluids near a critical point obey a generalized Cox–Merz rule. J. Rheol. 48(6), 1365–1373 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gerrard, J.E., Steidler, F.E., Appledoorn, J.K.: Viscous heating in capillaries. Adiabatic case. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 4(3), 332–339 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hahn, S.J., Eyring, H., Higuchi, I., Ree, T.: Flow properties of lubricating oils under pressure. NLGI Spokesm. 21(3), 123–128 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Norton, A.E., Knott, M.J., Muenger, J.R.: Flow properties of lubricants under high pressure. Trans. ASME. 63(7), 631–643 (1941)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Bair, S., Winer, W.O.: A new high-pressure, high-shear stress viscometer and results for lubricants. Tribol. Trans. 36(4), 721–725 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bair, S.: Recent developments in high-pressure rheology of lubricants. Elsevier Tribology Series, 30, Proceedings of the 21st Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, 1994, Lubricants and Lubrication. 169–187 (1995)

  29. Spikes, H.: Basics of EHL for practical application. Lubr. Sci. (2014). doi:10.1002/ls.1271

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cook, R.L., King Jr, H.E., Herbst, C.A., Herschbach, D.R.: Pressure and temperature dependent viscosity of two glass forming liquids: glycerol and dibutyl phthalate. J. Chem. Phys. 100(7), 5178–5189 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bair, S., Winer, W. O.: The pressure-viscosity coefficient at Hertz pressure and its relation to concentrated contact traction. Elsevier Tribology Series, 38, Proceedings of the 26th Leeds-Lyon Symposium, Thinning Films and Tribological Interfaces. 433–443 (2000)

  32. Poll, G.W.G., Wang, D.: Fluid rheology, traction/creep relationships and friction in machine elements with rolling contacts. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 226(6), 481–500 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Carter, F.J.: On the action of a locomotive driving wheel. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A. 112, 151–157 (1926)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Bair, S.: The nature of the logarithmic traction gradient. Tribol. Int. 35(9), 591–597 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Bair, S.: High pressure rheology for quantitative elastohydrodynamics (Tribology Series 54), pp. 12–13. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bair, S., Winer, W.O.: The high shear stress rheology of liquid lubricants at pressures of 2 to 200 MPa. J. Tribol. 112(2), 246–253 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Bair, S., Roland, C.M., Casalini, R.: Fragility and the dynamic crossover in lubricants. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 221(7), 801–811 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bair, S.: A Critical evaluation of film-thickness-derived pressure-viscosity coefficients. Lubr. Sci. (2014). doi:10.1002/ls.1284

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bair, S., Vergne, P., Marchetti, M.: The effect of shear-thinning on film thickness for space lubricants. Tribol. Trans. 45(3), 330–333 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Bair, S.: Actual Eyring models for thixotropy and shear-thinning: experimental validation and application to EHD. J. Tribol. 126(4), 728–732 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Bair, S., Qureshi, F.: Ordinary shear thinning behavior and its effect upon EHL film thickness. Elsevier Tribology Series, 41, Proceedings of the 29th Leeds-Lyon Symposium, Tribological Research and Design for Engineering Systems. 693-699 (2003)

  42. Kumar, P., Bair, S., Khonsari, M.: Full EHL simulations using the actual Ree–Eyring model for shear-thinning lubricants. J. Tribol. 131(1), 011802 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott Bair.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bair, S., Vergne, P., Kumar, P. et al. Comment on “History, Origins and Prediction of Elastohydrodynamic Friction” by Spikes and Jie. Tribol Lett 58, 16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0481-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0481-x

Keywords