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Heavy metal pollution in leachates and its impacts on the quality of groundwater resources around Iringa municipal solid waste dumpsite

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Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in groundwater due to leachates leaking from the Iringa municipal dumpsite was investigated. The pollution was studied by analyzing pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn) in leachates collected within the dumpsite and groundwater samples from residential wells close to the dumpsite. The pH of the leachate samples varied from 7.40 to 9.10, implying alkaline behavior and the methanogenic phase of solid waste deposits. The levels of EC, TDS, and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn) in leachates were above the national and/or international standards. On other hand, groundwater samples presented pH values ranging from 7.15 to 7.60 which were within the World Health Organization acceptable limit. The concentrations of EC, TDS, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Zn in most groundwater samples exceeded the national and/or international permissible limits for drinking water. In addition, the water quality indices (WQI) of groundwater samples ranged between 8.30 and 17.90, which implied the excellent quality of groundwater sources. However, the presence of high levels of heavy metals above the permissible limits in both leachate and groundwater samples signified potential risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, the present study calls for proper management of municipal solid waste to reduce the potential risks of further contamination on the groundwater resources and environment around the Iringa municipal dumpsite.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Mbeya University of Science and Technology for financial support. Thanks to the Mkwawa University College of Education and Geology survey of Tanzania for material support.

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  1. Department of Natural Sciences, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania

    Victor Fanuel Sanga

  2. Department of Chemistry, Mkwawa University College of Education, P.O Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania

    Christina Fabian & Fikira Kimbokota

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  1. Victor Fanuel Sanga
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  2. Christina Fabian
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Contributions

The study conceptualization was done by V.S and C.F. Sample collection, preparation, and analysis were performed by V.S. The first draft of the manuscript was written by V.S. The authors C.F and F.K commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Victor Fanuel Sanga.

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Sanga, V.F., Fabian, C. & Kimbokota, F. Heavy metal pollution in leachates and its impacts on the quality of groundwater resources around Iringa municipal solid waste dumpsite. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 8110–8122 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22760-z

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