Abstract
This study aims at the application of a marine fungal consortium (Aspergillus sclerotiorum CRM 348 and Cryptococcus laurentii CRM 707) for the bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated soil under microcosm conditions. The impact of biostimulation (BS) and/or bioaugmentation (BA) treatments on diesel-oil biodegradation, soil quality, and the structure of the microbial community were studied. The use of the fungal consortium together with nutrients (BA/BS) resulted in a TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) degradation 42% higher than that obtained by natural attenuation (NA) within 120 days. For the same period, a 72 to 92% removal of short-chain alkanes (C12 to C19) was obtained by BA/BS, while only 3 to 65% removal was achieved by NA. BA/BS also showed high degradation efficiency of long-chain alkanes (C20 to C24) at 120 days, reaching 90 and 92% of degradation of icosane and heneicosane, respectively. In contrast, an increase in the levels of cyclosiloxanes (characterized as bacterial bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants) was observed in the soil treated by the consortium. Conversely, the NA presented a maximum of 37% of degradation of these alkane fractions. The 5-ringed PAH benzo(a)pyrene, was removed significantly better with the BA/BS treatment than with the NA (48 vs. 38 % of biodegradation, respectively). Metabarcoding analysis revealed that BA/BS caused a decrease in the soil microbial diversity with a concomitant increase in the abundance of specific microbial groups, including hydrocarbon-degrading (bacteria and fungi) and also an enhancement in soil microbial activity. Our results highlight the great potential of this consortium for soil treatment after diesel spills, as well as the relevance of the massive sequencing, enzymatic, microbiological and GC-HRMS analyses for a better understanding of diesel bioremediation.
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PG and LLS thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for the Postdoctoral Fellowships (#2016/17488-4 and #2019/11823-4; 2018/10734-5, respectively). LDS thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico for the Research Productivity Fellowship (#303218/2019-3).
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This research was financially supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (grant #2016/07957-7) and by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant #407986/2018-6).
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Patricia Giovanella: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, and Writing-original draft preparation; Rodrigo Gouvêa Taketani: Formal analysis, Writing - Review and Editing; Ruben Gil-Solsona: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - Review and Editing; Luiz Leonardo Saldanha: Formal analysis; Samantha Beatríz Esparza Naranjo: Investigation; Juan V. Sancho: Formal analysis; Tania Portolés: Formal analysis; Fernando Dini Andreote: Reviewing and Editing; Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz: Supervision, Reviewing and Editing; Damià Barceló: Supervision, Resources Provision, Reviewing and Editing; Lara Durães Sette: Conceptualization, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Reviewing and Editing.
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Giovanella, P., Taketani, R.G., Gil-Solsona, R. et al. A comprehensive study on diesel oil bioremediation under microcosm conditions using a combined microbiological, enzymatic, mass spectrometry, and metabarcoding approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 101250–101266 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29474-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29474-w