Abstract
Fitting the measured bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) data to the Cole model and then extracting the Cole parameters is a common practice in BIS applications. The extracted Cole parameters then can be analysed as descriptors of tissue electrical properties. To have a better evaluation of physiological or pathological properties of biological tissue, accurate extraction of Cole parameters is of great importance. This paper proposes an improved Cole parameter extraction based on bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm. We employed simulated datasets to test the performance of the BFO fitting method regarding parameter extraction accuracy and noise sensitivity, and we compared the results with those of a least squares (LS) fitting method. The BFO method showed better robustness to the noise and higher accuracy in terms of extracted parameters. In addition, we applied our method to experimental data where bioimpedance measurements were obtained from forearm in three different positions of the arm. The goal of the experiment was to explore how robust Cole parameters are in classifying position of the arm for different people, and measured at different times. The extracted Cole parameters obtained by LS and BFO methods were applied to different classifiers. Two other evolutionary algorithms, GA and PSO were also used for comparison purpose. We showed that when the classifiers are fed with the extracted feature sets by BFO fitting method, higher accuracy is obtained both when applying on training data and test data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amir M, Bedra S, Benkouda S, Fortaki T (2014) Bacterial foraging optimisation and method of moments for modelling and optimisation of microstrip antennas. IET Microw Antenna P 8:295–300
Ayllon D, Seoane F, Gil-Pita R (2009) Cole equation and parameter estimation from electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements–a comparative study. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334494
Bai Q (2010) Analysis of particle swarm optimization algorithm. J Comput Inf Sci 3:180–184
Bogonez-Franco P, Nescolarde L, Bragos R, Rosell-Ferrer J, Yandiola I (2009) Measurement errors in multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers with and without impedance electrode mismatch. Physiol Meas 30:573–587
Browne MW (2000) Cross-validation methods. J Math Psychol 44:108–132
Buendia R, Gil-Pita R, Seoane F (2011) Cole parameter estimation from the modulus of the electrical bioimpeadance for assessment of body composition. a full spectroscopy approach. J Electr Bioimp 2:72–78
Cole KS (1940) Permeability and impermeability of cell membranes for ions. Quant Biol 8:110–122
Das S, Biswas A, Dasgupta S, Abraham A (2009) Bacterial foraging optimization algorithm: theoretical foundations, analysis, and applications. Stud Comput Intell 203:23–55
Dian PR, Siti MS, Siti SY (2011) Particle swarm optimization: technique, system and challenges. Int J Comput Appl 14:19–27
Freeborn TJ, Maundy B, Elwakil A (2011) Numerical extraction of cole-cole impedance parameters from step response. Nonlinear Theory Appl 2:548–561
Freeborn TJ, Maundy B, Elwakil AS (2014) Extracting the parameters of the double-dispersion cole bioimpedance model from magnitude response measurements. Med Biol Eng Comput 52:749–758
Gholami-Boroujeny S, Eshghi M (2012) Non-linear active noise cancellation using a bacterial foraging optimisation algorithm. IET Signal Process 6:364–373
Grasso G, Alafaci C, Passalacqua M, Morabito A, Buemi M, Salpietro FM, Tomasello F (2002) Assessment of human brain water content by cerebral bioelectrical impedance analysis: a new technique and its application to cerebral pathological conditions. Neurosurgery 50:1064–1074
Grimnes S, Martinsen OG (2008) Bioimpedance and bioelectricity basics, 2nd edn. Elsevier, London
Halter RJ, Hartov A, Paulsen KD, Schned A, Heaney J (2008) Genetic and least squares algorithms for estimating spectral EIS parameters of prostatic tissues. Physiol Meas 29:S111–S123
Hanmandlu M, Verma OP, Kumar NK, Kulkarni M (2009) A novel optimal fuzzy system for color image enhancement using bacterial foraging. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 58:2867–2879
Hornero G, Diaz D, Casas O (2013) Bioimpedance system for monitoring muscle and cardiovascular activity in the stump of lower-limb amputees. Physiol Meas 34:189–201
Jaffrin MY, Morel H (2009) Extracellular volume measurements using bioimpedance spectroscopy-hanai method and wrist-ankle resistance at 50 khz. Med Biol Eng Comput 47:77–84
Kun S, Ristic B, Peura RA, Dunn RM (1999) Real-time extraction of tissue impedance model parameters for electrical impedance spectrometer. Med Biol Eng Comput 37:428–432
Kun S, Ristic B, Peura RA, Dunn RM (2003) Algorithm for tissue ischemia estimation based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 34:1352–1359
Lin W, Liu PX (2006) Hammerstein model identification based on bacterial foraging. Electron Lett 42:1332–1333
Lukaski HC (2013) Evolution of bioimpedance: a circuitous journey from estimation of physiological function to assessment of body composition and a return to clinical research. Eur J Clin Nutr 67:S2–9
Mellert F, Winkler K, Schneider C, Dudykevych T, Welz A, Osypka M, Gersing E, Preusse CJ (2011) Detection of (reversible) myocardial ischemic injury by means of electrical bioimpedance. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 58:1511–1518
Mishra S (2005) A hybrid least square-fuzzy bacterial foraging strategy for harmonic estimation. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 9:61–73
Nejadgholi I, Batkin I, Bolic M, Adler A, Shirmohammadi S (2014) Segmental spectral decomposition as a time persistent method of bioimpedance spectroscopy feature extraction. http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/adler/eit2014/proc-page18
Nyboer J (1950) Electrical impedance plethysmography; a physical and physiologic approach to peripheral vascular study. Circulation 2:811–821
Passino KM (2002) Biomimicry of bacterial foraging for distributed optimization and control. IEEE Conf Syst Mag 22:52–67
Passino KM (2005) Biomimicry for optimization, control, and automation. Springer, Berlin
Paterno A, Negri LH, Bertemes-Filho P (2012) Efficient computational techniques in bioimpedance. Spectroscopy. doi:10.5772/36307:INTECH
Patnaik SS, Panda AK (2012) Particle swarm optimization and bacterial foraging optimization techniques for optimal current harmonic mitigation by employing active power filter. Appl Comput Intell Soft Comput 2012:1–10
Rigaud B, Hamzaoui L, Frikha MR, Chauveau N, Morucci JP (1995) In vitro tissue characterization and modelling using electrical impedance measurements in the 100 hz-10 mhz frequency range. Physiol Meas 16:A15–28
Rothlingshofer L, Ulbrich M, Hahne S, Leonhardt S (2011) Monitoring change of body fluid during physical exercise using bioimpedance spectroscopy and finite element simulations. J Electr Bioimp 2:79–85
Van-Loan MD, Withers P, Matthie J, Mayclin PL (1993) Use of bio-impedance spectroscopy (bis) to determine extracellular fluid (ecf), intracellular fluid (icf), total body water (tbw), and fat-free mass (ffm). Human Body Compos 60:67–70
Yang Y, Ni W, Sun Q, Wen H, Teng Z (2013) Improved cole parameter extraction based on the least absolute deviation method. Physiol Meas 34:1239–1252
Acknowledgments
This study was funded in part by Mitacs Canada, Connect Canada, NSERC and Nuraleve Inc. We would also like to thank our colleagues, Dr. Isar Nejadgholi, Hershel Caytak, Dr. Abeye Mekonnen and Dr. Crystal Blais for providing us with the data.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gholami-Boroujeny, S., Bolic, M. Extraction of Cole parameters from the electrical bioimpedance spectrum using stochastic optimization algorithms. Med Biol Eng Comput 54, 643–651 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-015-1355-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-015-1355-y