Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Using multi-source remote sensing data to classify larch plantations in Northeast China and support the development of multi-purpose silviculture

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Forestry Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to increasing timber demands, large areas of secondary forests have been converted to larch plantations (LPs) in Northeast China because the secondary forests could not produce timber as much as LPs. However, there are a series of ecological problems such as lower soil fertility, reduced water-holding capacity and acidification of surface runoff water occurring in LPs because of the single-species composition of LPs. Therefore, a guidance on how to transform LPs into larch-broadleaf mixed forests (LBMFs) at a large spatial scale is needed for local foresters. First, Landsat time series data set and SPOT-5 images were combined to map the spatial–temporal distribution of LPs in Northeast China. Then, the topographical characteristics of LPs in 2010s were determined. Furthermore, three sub-regions of LPs were divided closely linking to their ecosystem services and forest management aims. Finally, detailed information on how to transform the LPs into LBMFs was given according to the three sub-regions. The results showed that the area of LPs increased during 1980s and 2010s, and reached 2.61 million ha in 2010s. Of which, 0.72 million ha (27.6%) and 1.89 million ha (72.4%) LPs distributed in slopes less than 5° and greater than 5°, respectively. Of the LPs (72.4%) in slopes greater than 5°, 48.7 and 23.7% located in downslope (LPs locating at the down slope of adjacent secondary forests in the same aspect) and upslope (LPs locating at the up slope of adjacent secondary forests in the same aspect), respectively; 0.10 million ha (3.8%) located in slopes greater than 25°. The LPs were divided into Sub-Regions-I, II, III according to slopes. For Sub-region-I (top role is to produce timber), self-fertilizing shrub species can be introduced after clean cutting for young-aged LPs, and release thinning can be applied for middle-aged LPs, fast growth thinning for near-matured LPs, and clear cutting for matured LPs. For Sub-Region-II (the priority is to provide water conservation combined with timber production), the LPs should be induced into LBMFs. The LPs located the downslope positions in Sub-Region-II can be transformed to LBMFs by natural regeneration of broadleaved tree species after thinning because of enough seed sources of broadleaved tree species from the secondary forests locating the upslope positions. The LPs located the upslope positions or the region where seed sources of broadleaved tree species are unavailable in Sub-Region-II must be induced to LBMFs by artificial regeneration. For Sub-Region-III (the preference is only for water conservation because the slope is greater than 25°), the LPs should be particularly protected from intensive disturbances, and induced into LBMFs by natural regeneration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bijalwan A, Swamy SL, Sharma CM, Sharma NK, Tiwari AK (2010) Land-use, biomass and carbon estimation in dry tropical forest of Chhattisgarh region in India using satellite remote sensing and GIS. J For Res 21:161–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang KT, Tsai BW (1991) The effect of OEM resolution on slope and aspect mapping. Am Cartogr 18:69–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Li BL, Lin ZS (2003) The acceleration of succession for the restoration of the mixed-broadleaved Korean pine forests in Northeast China. For Ecol Manag 177:503–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dong X, Yang X, Yang G (2007) Impacts of different cutting modes on soil properties in larch plantations. J Northeast For Univ 35:7–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Dye M, Mutanga O, Ismail R (2012) Combining spectral and textural remote sensing variables using random forests: predicting the age of Pinus patulaforests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Spat Sci 57:197–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folega F, Zhang CY, Zhao XH, Wala K, Batawila K, Huang HH, Dourma M, Akpagana K (2014) Satellite monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in northern Togo protected areas. J For Res 25:385–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gang Q, Yan QL, Zhu JJ (2015) Effects of thinning on early seed regeneration of two broadleaved tree species in larch plantations: implication for converting pure larch plantations into larch-broadleaved mixed forests. Forestry 88:573–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao T, Xu B, Yang XC, Jin YX, Ma HL, Li JY, Yu HD (2013) Using MODIS time series data to estimate aboveground biomass and its spatio-temporal variation in Inner Mongolia’s grassland between 2001 and 2011. Int J Remote Sens 34:7796–7810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao T, Zhu JJ, Zheng X, Shang GD, Huang LY, Wu SR (2015) Mapping spatial distribution of larch plantations from multi-seasonal landsat-8 OLI imagery and multi-scale textures using random forests. Remote Sens 7:1702–1720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong P, Wang J, Yu L, Zhao YC, Zhao YY, Liang L, Niu Z, Huang X, Fu H, Liu S, Li C (2013) Finer resolution observation and monitoring of global land cover: first mapping results with Landsat TM and ETM + data. Int J Remote Sens 34:2607–2654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant L (1987) Diffuse and specular characteristics of leaf reflectance. Remote Sens Environ 22:309–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gu JC, Xu Y, Dong X, Wang H, Wang ZQ (2014) Root diameter variations explained by anatomy and phylogeny of 50 tropical and temperate tree species. Tree Physiol 34:415–425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Q, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Lu D, Korpelainen H, Li CY (2016) Species-specific competition and N fertilization regulate non-structural carbohydrate contents in two Larix species. For Ecol Manag 364:60–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang LY (2015) Landscape pattern optimization of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forests based on interational turnover. M.S. thesis. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (In Chinese)

  • Jensen JR, Qiu F, Ji M (1999) Predictive modelling of coniferous forest age using statistical and artificial neural network approaches applied to remote sensor data. Int J Remote Sens 20:2805–2822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Yang XC, Jin YX, Yang Z, Huang WG, Zhao LN, Gao T, Yu HA, Ma HL, Qin ZH, Xu B (2013) Monitoring and analysis of grassland desertification dynamics using Landsat images in Ningxia, China. Remote Sens Environ 138:19–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo GP, Zhou CH, Chen X (2003) Process of land use/land cover change in the oasis of arid region. Acta Ecol Sin 58:63–72 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maio D, Maltoni D (1998) Ridge-line density estimation in digital images. In: Pattern recognition, 1998. Proceedings. Fourteenth International Conference on 1, pp 534–538

  • Mason WL, Zhu JJ (2014) Silviculture of planted forests managed for multi-functional objectives: lessons from Chinese and British experiences. In: Fenning T (ed) Challenges and opportunities for the world’s forests in the 21st century. Springer, Berlin, pp 37–54

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Forestry of China (2014) Forest resource statistics of China. Department of Forest Resource and Management, Chinese Ministry of Forestry, Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China (2010) The law of the People’s Republic of China on water and soil conservation. The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian Y, Zhang XQ, Sun R (2012) Extracting alpin lake information based on multi-source and multi-temporal satellite images and its uncertainty analysis: a case study in Yamzhog Yumco Basin, south Tibet. J Glaciol Geocryol 34:563–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Zhang SY, Tan ZX, Qi JC (1992) Larch forest of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, pp 168–173 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Fang J, Zhu B (2008) Forest biomass and root–shoot allocation in northeast China. For Ecol Manag 255:4007–4020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Wang H, Zu Y (2014) Temporal changes in SOM, N, P, K, and their stoichiometric ratios during reforestation in China and interactions with soil depths: importance of deep-layer soil and management implications. For Ecol Manag 325:8–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Yan QL, Yan T, Song Y, Sun YR, Zhu JJ (2017) Rodent-mediated seed dispersal of Juglans mandshurica regulated by gap size and within-gap position in larch plantations: implication for converting pure larch plantations into larch-walnut mixed forests. For Ecol Manag 404:205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderle AL, Franklin SE, Guo XG (2007) Regenerating boreal forest structure estimation using SPOT-5 pan-sharpened imagery. Int J Remote Sens 28:4351–4364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xi XJ, Yan QL, Yu LZ, Zhu JJ, Zhang CH, Zhang JX, Liu CX (2009) Physical and chemical properties of through fall in main forest types of secondary forest ecosystem in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province, China. Chin J Appl Ecol 20:2097–2104 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu TL, Zhu JJ, Yu LZ, Wang RZ, Zhang JX (2013) Physical and chemical properties of stemflow in different forest types of a secondary forest ecosystem in montane regions of eastern Liaoning Province, China. Acta Ecol Sin 33:3415–3424 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan QL, Zhu JJ, Gang Q (2013) Comparison of spatial patterns of soil seed banks between larch plantations and adjacent secondary forests in Northeast China: implication for spatial distribution of larch plantations. Trees 27(6):1747–1754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan T, Zhu JJ, Yang K, Yu LZ (2014) Aboveground biomass and nutrient distribution patterns of larch plantation in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China. Chin J Appl Ecol 25:2772–2778 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan QL, Gang Q, Zhu JJ, Sun YR (2016a) Variation in survival and growth strategies for seedlings of broadleaved tree species in response to thinning of larch plantations: implication for converting pure larch plantations into larch-broadleaved mixed forests. Environ Exp Bot 129:108–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan QL, Zhu JJ, Gang Q, Huang LY, Wang GG (2016b) Comparison of spatial distribution patterns of seed rain between larch plantations and adjacent secondary forests in Northeast China. For Sci 62(6):652–662

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang K, Shi W, Zhu JJ (2012) The impact of secondary forests conversion into larch plantations on soil chemical and microbiological properties. Plant Soil 368:535–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin MF, Zhou LJ, Bi GR, Xue J (2013) Effect of different ribbon thinning on inducing artificial multi-storied forest process of Larix olgensis pure plantations. J Northeast For Univ 41:20–24 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu DP, Zhou L, Zhou WM, Ding H, Wang QW, Wang Y, Wu XQ, Dai LM (2011) Forest management in Northeast China: history, problems, and challenges. Environ Manag 48:1122–1135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng X, Zhu JJ, Yan QL, Song LN (2012) Effects of land use changes on the groundwater table and the decline of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in southern Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China. Agric Water Manag 109:94–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng X, Zhu JJ, Yan Y (2013) Estimation of farmland shelterbelt area in the Three-North Shelter/Protective Forest Program regions of China based on multi-scale remote sensing data. Chin J Ecol 32:1355–1363 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng X, Zhu JJ, Xing ZF (2016) Assessment of the effects of shelterbelts on crop yields at the regional scale in Northeast China. Agric Syst 143:49–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Q, Liu X (2004) Analysis of errors of derived slope and aspect related to DEM data properties. Comput Geosci UK 30:369–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu JJ, Mao ZH, Hu LL, Zhang JZ (2007) Plant diversity ofsecondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbancelevels in montane regions of northeastern China. J For Res JPN 12:403–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu JJ, Liu ZG, Wang HX, Yan QL, Fang HY, Hu LL, Yu LZ (2008) Effects of site preparation on emergence and early establishment of Larix olgensis in montane regions of northeastern China. New For 36:247–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu JJ, Yang K, Yan QL, Liu ZG, Yu LZ, Wang HX (2010) Feasibility of implementing thinning in even-aged Larix olgensis plantations to develop uneven-aged larch-broadleaved mixed forests. J For Res JPN 15:71–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang DF, Liu JY, Liu ML (1999) Research activities on land-use/cover change in the past ten years in China using space technology. Chin Geogr Sci 9(4):330–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2012CB416906). The authors are grateful to the people who did the field survey including Chunyu Zhu, Jingpu Zhang, Guangchen Wang, Jianqiang Xiao and Huaqi Liu from the Group of Secondary Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS. Dr. Qiaoling Yan gave helpful discussion and detailed review on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Guiduo Shang, Jiaojun Zhu, Tian Gao, Xiao Zheng & Jinxin Zhang

  2. Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, People’s Republic of China

    Guiduo Shang, Jiaojun Zhu, Tian Gao, Xiao Zheng & Jinxin Zhang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Guiduo Shang

Authors
  1. Guiduo Shang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiaojun Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tian Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiao Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jinxin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiaojun Zhu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Project funding: This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2012CB416906).

The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com

Corresponding editor: Chai Ruihai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shang, G., Zhu, J., Gao, T. et al. Using multi-source remote sensing data to classify larch plantations in Northeast China and support the development of multi-purpose silviculture. J. For. Res. 29, 889–904 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0518-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0518-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation