Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Probabilistic verification of hierarchical leader election protocol in dynamic systems

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Computer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Leader election protocols are fundamental for coordination problems—such as consensus—in distributed computing. Recently, hierarchical leader election protocols have been proposed for dynamic systems where processes can dynamically join and leave, and no process has global information. However, quantitative analysis of such protocols is generally lacking. In this paper, we present a probabilistic model checking based approach to verify quantitative properties of these protocols. Particularly, we employ the compositional technique in the style of assume-guarantee reasoning such that the sub-protocols for each of the two layers are verified separately and the correctness of the whole protocol is guaranteed by the assume-guarantee rules. Moreover, within this framework we also augment the proposed model with additional features such as rewards. This allows the analysis of time or energy consumption of the protocol. Experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tucci-Piergiovanni S, Baldoni R. Eventual leader election in infinite arrival message-passing system model with bounded concurrency. In: Proceedings of European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC). 2010, 127–134

    Google Scholar 

  2. Singh G. Leader election in the presence of link failures. IEEE Transactions on Parallel & Distributed Systems, 1996, 7(3): 231–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Nakano K, Olariu S. A survey on leader election protocols for radio networks. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks. 2002, 63–68

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fischer M, Jiang H. Self-stabilizing leader election in networks of finite-state anonymous agents. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. 2006, 395–409

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Bakhshi R, Fokkink W, Pang J, Van De Pol J. Leader election in anonymous rings: Franklin goes probabilistic. In: Proceedings of the 5th IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science–Tcs. 2008, 57–72

    Google Scholar 

  6. Mostefaoui A, Raynal M, Travers C, Patterson S, Agrawal D, Abbadi A. From static distributed systems to dynamic systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems. 2005, 109–118

    Google Scholar 

  7. Larrea M, Raynal M, Soraluze I, Cortiñas R. Specifying and implementing an eventual leader service for dynamic systems. International Journal of Web and Grid Services. 2012, 8(3): 204–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gómez-Calzado C, Lafuente A, Larrea M, Raynal M. Fault-tolerant leader election in mobile dynamic distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing. 2013, 78–87

    Google Scholar 

  9. Li H G, Wu W G, Zhou Y. Hierarchical eventual leader election for dynamic systems. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. 2014, 338–351

    Google Scholar 

  10. Baier C, Katoen J P. Principles of Model Checking. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Forejt V, Kwiatkowska M, Norman G, Parker D. Automated verification techniques for probabilistic systems. In: Bernardo M, Issarny V, eds. Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication and Software Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2011, 53–113

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kwiatkowska M, Norman G, Parker D. Prism 4. 0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2011, 6806: 585–591

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gu J Y, Zhou Y, Chen T L, Wu W G. Analyzing eventual leader election protocols for dynamic systems by probabilistic model checking. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Cloud Computing and Security. 2015, 192–205

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Wu W G, Cao J N, Raynal M. Eventual clusterer: a modular approach to designing hierarchical consensus protocols in manets. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. 2009, 20(6): 753–765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang Z W, Wu WG, Chen Y S, Zhang J. Efficient information dissemination in dynamic networks. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Parallel Processing. 2013, 603–610

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kwiatkowska M, Norman G, Parker D, Qu H Y. Assume-guarantee verification for probabilistic systems. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. 2010, 23–37

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kwiatkowska M, Norman G, Parker D, Qu H Y. Compositional probabilistic verification through multi-objective model checking. Information and Computation. 2013, 232: 38–65

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Shen J, Tan HW, Wang J, Wang J W, Lee S Y. A novel routing protocol providing good transmission reliability in underwater sensor networks. Journal of Internet Technology. 2015, 16(1): 171–178

    Google Scholar 

  19. Xie S D, Wang Y X. Construction of tree network with limited delivery latency in homogeneous wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications. 2014, 78(1): 231–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yue H D, Katoen J P. Leader election in anonymous radio networks: model checking energy consumption. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications. 2010, 247–261

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Rault T, Bouabdallah A, Challal Y. Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks: A top-down survey. Computer Networks. 2014, 67: 104–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gupta I, Van Renesse R, Birman K P. A probabilistically correct leader election protocol for large groups. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Distributed Computing. 2000, 89–103

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jiménez E, Arévalo V E, Herrera C, Tang J. Eventual election of multiple leaders for solving consensus in anonymous systems. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2015, 71(10): 3726–3743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Duflot M, Kwiatkowska M, Norman G, Parker D, Peyronnet D, Picaronny C, Sproston J. Practical applications of probabilistic model checking to communication protocols. In: Gnesi S, Margaria T, eds. Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems: A Survey of Applications. Wiley, 2012, 133–150

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Baier C, Dubslaff C, Klein J, Klü ppelholz S, Wunderlich S. Probabilistic model checking for energy-utility analysis. In: van Breugel F, Kashefi E, Palamidessi C, et al, eds. Horizons of the Mind. A Tribute to Prakash Panangaden. Springer International Publishing, 2014, 96–123

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Naskos A, Stachtiari E, Gounaris A, Katsaros P, Tsoumakos D, Konstantinou I, Sioutas S. Dependable horizontal scaling based on probabilistic model checking. In: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing. 2015, 31–40

    Google Scholar 

  27. He K L, Zhang M, He J, Chen Y X. Probabilistic model checking of pipe protocol. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering. 2015, 135–138

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang F L, Bu L, Wang L Z, Zhao J H, Chen X, Zhang T, Li X D. Modeling and evaluation of wireless sensor network protocols by stochastic timed automata. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. 2013, 296: 261–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NS2016093).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China

    Yu Zhou, Nvqi Zhou & Jiayi Gu

  2. State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Yu Zhou

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK

    Tingting Han

  4. Department of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Weigang Wu

Authors
  1. Yu Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nvqi Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tingting Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jiayi Gu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Weigang Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Zhou.

Additional information

Yu Zhou is an associate professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. He received his PhD degree in computer science from Nanjing University, China in 2009. His research interests are mainly in software engineering, with a particular focus on software evolution, software architecture and reliability analysis with formal methods. He has published more than 50 papers in these fields. He is currently a senior member of China Computer Federation (CCF) and a member of CCF Technical Committees on System Software, and Software Engineering.

Nvqi Zhou is a master student at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. Her research interest is formal methods and software verification. She is a student member of China Computer Federation (CCF).

Tingting Han is a lecturer at Birkbeck, University of London, UK. She received the BS and ME degrees in computer science from Nanjing University, China and her PhD degree in computer science from RWTH Aachen University, Germany in 2009. Her research interests are mainly in formal modelling and verification, especially the probabilistic aspects. She has published more than 30 papers in these fields.

Jiayi Gu is a master student at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. His research interest is formal methods and software verification. He is a student member of China Computer Federation (CCF).

Weigang Wu received the BS and MS degrees in computer science from Xi’an Jiaotong University, China in 1998 and 2003, respectively, and the PhD degree in computer science from Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China in 2007. He is currently a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, China. His research interests include distributed systems and wireless networks, especially cloud computing platforms and ad hoc networks. He has published more than 60 papers in conferences and journals. Dr. Wu has served as a member of editorial board of two international journals: Frontiers of Computer Science and Ad Hoc & SensorWireless Networks. He is also an organizing/program committee member for many international conferences.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhou, Y., Zhou, N., Han, T. et al. Probabilistic verification of hierarchical leader election protocol in dynamic systems. Front. Comput. Sci. 12, 763–776 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-018-6173-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-018-6173-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation