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Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017

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Abstract

We have quantified the impacts of anthropogenic emissions reductions caused by the Air Pollution Control Action Plan and changes in meteorological fields between 2013 and 2017 on the warm-season O3 concentration in China using a regional 3D chemical transport model. We found that the impact on daily maximum eight-hour (MDA8) O3 concentration by the meteorological variation that mostly increased O3 was greater than that from emission reduction, which decreased O3. Specifically, the control measures implemented since 2013 in China have reduced SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOC emissions by 33%, 25%, 30%, and 4% in 2017, while NH3 emissions have increased by 7%. The changes in anthropogenic emissions lowered MDA8 O3 by 0.4–3.7 ppb (0.8%–7.6%, varying by region and month), although MDA8 O3 was increased slightly in some urban areas (i.e. North China) at the beginning/end of warm seasons. Relative to 2013, the average 2 m temperature in 2017 shows increments in North, North-east, East, and South China (0.34°C–0.83°C) and decreases in Central China (0.24°C). The average solar radiation shows increments in North, North-east, and South China (7.0–9.7 w/m2) and decreases in Central, South-west, and North-west China (4.7–10.3 w/m2). The meteorological differences significantly change MDA8 O3 by −3.5–8.5 ppb (−8.2%–18.8%) with large temporal variations. The average MDA8 O3 was slightly increased in North, North-east, East, and South China. The response surface model suggests that the O3 formation regime transfers from NOx-saturated in April to NOx-limited in July on average in China.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2018YFC0213805 and 2017YFC0210006), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21625701 and 51861135102), and National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control (Nos. DQGG0301 and DQGG0305). This work was completed on the “Explorer 100” cluster system of Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Dian Ding, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Xing Chang & Jiming Hao

  2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing, 100084, China

    Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang & Jiming Hao

Authors
  1. Dian Ding
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  2. Jia Xing
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  3. Shuxiao Wang
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  4. Xing Chang
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  5. Jiming Hao
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jia Xing or Shuxiao Wang.

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Highlights

• O3 increment is mainly caused by changes in meteorology rather than emissions.

• Emission reduction is effective to reduce O3 nationwide, especially in summer.

• Strengthened NOx controls are necessary to meet the ambient O3 standard.

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Ding, D., Xing, J., Wang, S. et al. Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 13, 76 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1160-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1160-1

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