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Increasing Helpfulness towards a Robot by Emotional Adaption to the User

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Abstract

This article describes an emotional adaption approach to proactively trigger increased helpfulness towards a robot in task-related human-robot interaction (HRI). Based on social-psychological predictions of human behavior, the approach aims at inducing empathy, paired with a feeling of similarity in human users towards the robot. This is achieved by two differently expressed emotional control variables: by an explicit statement of similarity before task-related interaction, and implicitly expressed by adapting the emotional state of the robot to the mood of the human user, such that the current values of the human mood in the dimensions of pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) are matched. The thereby shifted emotional state of the robot serves as a basis for the generation of task-driven emotional facial- and verbal expressions, employed to induce and sustain high empathy towards the robot throughout the interaction. The approach is evaluated in a user study utilizing an expressive robot head. The effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by significant experimental results. An analysis of the individual components of the approach reveals significant effects of explicit emotional adaption on helpfulness, as well as on the HRI-key concepts anthropomorphism and animacy.

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Notes

  1. See http://www.iuro-project.eu.

  2. See www.akinator.com.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported in part by the EU FP7 STREP project “IURO—Interactive Urban Robot),” contract number 248317, see www.iuro-project.eu, the ERC Advanced Grant project “SHRINE—Seamless Human Robot Interaction in Dynamic Environments,” contract number 267877, within the DFG excellence initiative research cluster Cognition for Technical Systems—CoTeSys, see www.cotesys.org, and by the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Technische Universität München, see also www.tum-ias.de. The authors like to thank Elokence (see www.elokence.com) for providing the interface to the Akinator game (see also www.akinator.com), Dr. Jürgen Blume for the dialog system, and Christian Landsiedel for speech synchronization. Special thanks to Dr. Angelika Peer and Katrin Landsiedel for their highly appreciated statistical cues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Automatic Control Engineering (LSR), Technische Universität München, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Barbara Kühnlenz, Stefan Sosnowski, Malte Buß, Dirk Wollherr, Kolja Kühnlenz & Martin Buss

  2. Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Technische Universität München, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Barbara Kühnlenz, Dirk Wollherr, Kolja Kühnlenz & Martin Buss

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  1. Barbara Kühnlenz
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Correspondence to Barbara Kühnlenz.

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Kühnlenz, B., Sosnowski, S., Buß, M. et al. Increasing Helpfulness towards a Robot by Emotional Adaption to the User. Int J of Soc Robotics 5, 457–476 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0182-2

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