Abstract
Numerous researches have studied the development of robotics, especially socially assistive robots (SAR), including the NAO robot. This small humanoid robot has a great potential in social assistance. The NAO robot’s features and capabilities, such as motricity, functionality, and affective capacities, have been studied in various contexts. The principal aim of this study is to gather every research that has been done using this robot to see how the NAO can be used and what could be its potential as a SAR. Articles using the NAO in any situation were found searching PSYCHINFO, Computer and Applied Sciences Complete and ACM Digital Library databases. The main inclusion criterion was that studies had to use the NAO robot. Studies comparing it with other robots or intervention programs were also included. Articles about technical improvements were excluded since they did not involve concrete utilisation of the NAO. Also, duplicates and articles with an important lack of information on sample were excluded. A total of 51 publications (1895 participants) were included in the review. Six categories were defined: social interactions, affectivity, intervention, assisted teaching, mild cognitive impairment/dementia, and autism/intellectual disability. A great majority of the findings are positive concerning the NAO robot. Its multimodality makes it a SAR with potential.
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Appendix: List of the Reviewed Articles
Appendix: List of the Reviewed Articles
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Augello, A., Infantino, I., Manfrè, A., Pilato, G., Vella, F., & Chella, A. (2016). Creation and cognition for humanoid live dancing. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 86, 128–137.
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Baddoura, R., & Venture, G. (2013). Social vs. Useful HRI: Experiencing the Familiar, Perceiving the Robot as a Sociable Partner and Responding to Its Actions. International Journal of Social Robotics, 5(4), 529–547. doi: 10.1007/s12369-013-0207-x
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Bao, Y., & Cuijpers, R. H. (2017). On the imitation of goal directed movements of a humanoid robot. International Journal of Social Robotics, 9(5), 691–703.
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Beck, A., Cañamero, L., Hiolle, A., Damiano, L., Cosi, P., Tesser, F., & Sommavilla, G. (2013). Interpretation of emotional body language displayed by a humanoid robot: A case study with children. International Journal of Social Robotics, 5(3), 325–334.
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Behrens, S. I., Egsvang, A. K. K., Hansen, M., & Møllegård-Schroll, A. M. (2018, March). Gendered Robot Voices and Their Influence on Trust. In Companion of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human–Robot Interaction (pp. 63–64). ACM.
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Belpaeme, T., Vogt, P., Van den Berghe, R., Bergmann, K., Göksun, T., De Haas, M., … & Papadopoulos, F. (2018). Guidelines for designing social robots as second language tutors. International Journal of Social Robotics, 10(3), 325–341.
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Robaczewski, A., Bouchard, J., Bouchard, K. et al. Socially Assistive Robots: The Specific Case of the NAO. Int J of Soc Robotics 13, 795–831 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00664-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00664-7