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Flexible and multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator based on liquid metal/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for energy harvesting and self-powered wearable human–machine interaction

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Abstract

Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices. However, its low performance, poor stability, insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriously hinder its development. Herein, we report a robust route to a liquid metal (LM)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel-based TENG (LP-TENG). Owing to the intrinsically liquid feature of conductive LM within the flexible PVA hydrogel, the as-prepared LP-TENG exhibited comprehensive advantages of adaptability, biocompatibility, outstanding electrical performance, superior stability, recyclability and diverse applications, which were unattainable by traditional systems. Concretely, the LP-TENG delivered appealing open circuit voltage of 250 V, short circuit current of 4 μA and transferred charge of 120 nC with high stability, outperforming most advanced TENG systems. The LP-TENG was successfully employed for versatile applications with multifunctionality, including human motion detection, handwriting recognition, energy collection, message transmission and human–machine interaction. This work presents significant prospects for crafting advanced materials and devices in the fields of wearable electronics, flexible skin and smart robots.

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摘要

基于水凝胶的TENG在可穿戴电子设备中具有很好的应用前景。然而，其性能低、稳定性差、可回收性不足、自愈性差，严重阻碍了其发展。在此，我们报道了一种基于液态金属（LM）/聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶的TENG（LP-TENG）。由于导电LM在柔性PVA水凝胶中具有固有的液体特性，所以制备的LP-TENG具有传统系统无法实现的适应性、生物相容性、电气性、稳定性、可回收性和多样化应用等综合优势。具体而言，LP-TENG提供了250 V的开路电压、4 μA的短路电流和120 nC的转移电荷以及高稳定性，优于大多数先进的TENG系统。LP-TENG成功应用于多功能的多用途应用，包括人体运动检测、手写识别、能量收集、信息传输和人机交互。这项工作为在可穿戴电子、柔性皮肤和智能机器人领域制造先进材料和设备提供了重要的前景。

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Acknowledgements

The work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22109120, 62104170 and 82202757) and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. LQ21B030002 and LY23F040001).

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Author notes

  1. Hou-Wang Zhou, Cong Zhao and Ze-Yu Zhao have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China

    Hou-Wang Zhou, Jun-Chen Jiang & Hai-Ming Jin

  2. College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China

    Hou-Wang Zhou, Ze-Yu Zhao, Hui-Le Jin, Shun Wang, Shuang Pan & Yi-Huang Chen

  3. Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Micro/Nano Energy and Self-Powered Systems, Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China

    Cong Zhao & Min-Yi Xu

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  1. Hou-Wang Zhou
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Correspondence to Shuang Pan, Min-Yi Xu, Yi-Huang Chen or Hai-Ming Jin.

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Zhou, HW., Zhao, C., Zhao, ZY. et al. Flexible and multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator based on liquid metal/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for energy harvesting and self-powered wearable human–machine interaction. Rare Met. 43, 1186–1196 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02518-3

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