Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of the Influence of Ni and Cu Additions on the Wear Behavior of Spray Formed Al-15Si Alloy at Elevated Temperature

  • Research
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a novel class of alloy material using spray forming process, which is a rapid solidification process that produces refined, equiaxed microstructures with low segregation. In the present study, the effects of adding Ni and Cu on the dry sliding wear behavior of the spray formed Al-15Si alloy at different elevated temperatures were investigated and compared with the cast Al-15Si alloy. Al-15Si and Al-15Si-4Ni-2Cu alloys were prepared by spray forming and conventional casting methods. The microstructure of the alloys was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays. The hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness tester. Dry sliding wear tests at room temperature, 25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C were performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer at different loads (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 N) and a sliding velocity of 1.0 m/s. The microstructure of the spray-formed Al-15Si-4Ni-2Cualloy show fine, spherical form of primary Si, eutectic Si phases and fine dispersion of intermetallic particles. The spray-formed alloys display higher hardness values compared to the cast alloys and the spray formed Al-15Si-4Ni-2Cu alloy show a hardness almost 24% higher than the spray formed binary alloy. Lower wear rate and coefficient of friction were obtained in the Al-15Si-4Ni-2Cu alloy at all the normal loads and elevated temperatures. The spray formed alloys emerge as a better wear resistant material than the cast alloys at elevated temperatures. Although oxidative, abrasive and delamination wear mechanisms were found in the alloys manufactured by both the technique but severe plastic deformation was observed only in the cast alloys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Data Availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Qasim ZM, Jabbar M, Hassan J (2017) Enhancement the mechanical properties of aluminum casting alloys(A356) by adding nanorods structures from zinc oxide. J Mater Sci Eng 4:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kaufman JG, Rooy EL (2004) Aluminum alloy castings: properties, processes, and applications. ASM international

  3. Alshmri F, Atkinson HV, Hainsworth SV, Haidon C, Lawes SDA (2014) Dry sliding wear ofaluminum-high silicon hypereutectic alloys. Wear 313(1):106–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shin D, Roy S, Watkins TR, Shyam A (2017) Lattice mismatch modeling of aluminum alloys. Comput Mater Sci 138:149–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Karakulak E, Zeren M, Yamanoğlu R (2012) Effect of heat treatment conditions on microstructure and wear behavior of Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 23(2013):1898–1904

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ebhota WS, Jen TC (2018) Intermetallics formation and their effect on mechanical properties of Al-Si-X alloys. In: Intermetallic compounds-formation and applications, pp 21–41. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.731

  7. Sunil B, Rajeev VR, Jose S (2017) Dry wear characteristics of nickel rich Al-Si-Cu piston alloys. Int J Sci Eng Res 8(2):1209–1213

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kaisera MS, Sabbirb SH, Kabirb MS, Soummob MR, Nurb MA (2018) Study of mechanical and wear behavior of hyper-eutectic Al-Si automotive alloy through Fe, Ni and Cr addition. Mater Res 21(4):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2017-1096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yamanoglu R, Karakulak E, Zeren M, Koc FG (2013) Effect of nickel on microstructure and wear behavior of pure aluminum against steel and alumina counterfaces. Int J Cast Met Res 26(5):289–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Das S, Prasad SV, Ramachandran TR (1989) Microstructure and wear of cast Al-Si alloy-graphite composites. Wear 133:173–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Li Y, Yang Y, Yuying Wu, Wang L, Liu X (2010) Quantitative comparison of three Ni-containing phases to the elevated-temperature properties of Al-Si piston alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A 527(26):7132–7137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dwivedi DK (2003) Sliding temperature and wear behavior of castAl–Si base alloy. Mater Sci Technol 19(8):1091–1096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jeong C-Y (2013) High temperature mechanical properties of AlSiMg(Cu) alloys for automotive cylinder heads. Mater Trans 54(4):588–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Koç FG, Karakulak E, Yamanoglu R, Zeren M, Turkey K (2016) Mechanical properties of hypoeutecticAl-Ni alloys with Al3Ni intermetallics. Mater Test 58(2):117–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Farag M, Kh MM, Omran AM, Atlam AA (2018) Improvement the mechanical and tribological properties of high temperature Al-Si-Ni alloys. JETIR 5(6):68–74. ISSN-2349-5162

    Google Scholar 

  16. Yang Y, Kuilong Yu, Li Y, Zhao D, Liu X (2012) Evolution of nickel-rich phases in Al–Si–Cu–Ni–Mg piston alloys with different Cu additions. Mater Des 33:220–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kayaa H, Akerb A (2016) Effect of alloying elements and growth rates on microstructure and mechanical properties in the directionally solidified Al–Si–X alloys. J Alloy Compd 694:165–170

    Google Scholar 

  18. Badr RA (2017) Effect of Si addition on microstructure and tribological properties of Al-0.1Mg-0.35Ni-(4,6,8,10) wt %Si alloy. Mater Sci Int J Adv Technol 8(4):1–6. https://doi.org/10.4172/0976-4860.1000197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Awe SA, Seifeddine S, Jarfors AEW, Lee YC, Dahle AK (2017) Development of new Al-Cu-Si alloys for high temperature performance. Adv Mater Lett 8(6):695–701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rajabi M, Simchi A, Vahidi M, Davami P (2008) Effect of particle size on the microstructure of rapidly solidified Al–20Si–5Fe–2X (X = Cu, Ni, Cr) powder. J Alloys Compd 466(1–2):111–118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Goudar DM, Magalad VT, Kurahatti RV (2022) Study of microstructure and tribological behaviour of spray cast high silicon hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. Adv Mater Process Technol 8(2):1245–1254

    Google Scholar 

  22. Upadhyaya A, Mishra NS, Ojha SN (1997) Microstructural control by spray forming and wear characteristics of a Babbit alloy. J Mater Sci 32:3227–3235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Goudar DM, Raju K, Srivastava VC, Rudrakshi GB (2013) Effect of copper and iron on the wear properties of spray formed Al–28Si alloy. Mater Des 51:383–390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Baruah M, Baruah A (2021) On the enhancement of wear resistance of Al-Mg-Si alloy via micro-alloying Sn. Indian Academy of Sciences 46(129):2–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-021-01655-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Camarillo-Cisneros J, Perez-Bustamante R, Martínez-Sanchez R (2022) Al-Si-Cu alloy enhanced to high-temperature application by nickel addition. Rev Mex Fis 68(031004):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  26. Neikov OD (2019) Atomization and granulation. Handbook of non-ferrous metal powders, 2nd edn. Elsevier, pp 125–185

  27. Goudar DM, Srivastava VC, Rudrakshi GB (2017) Effect of atomization parameters on size and morphology of Al-17si alloy powder produced by free fall atomizer. Eng J 21(1):155–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Li J, Hage FS, Liu X, Ramasse Q, Schumacher P (2016) Revealing heterogeneous nucleation of primary Si and eutectic Si by AlP in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. Sci Rep 6:25244. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25244

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Rajaram SG, Kumaran T, Rao S (2010) High temperature tensile and wear behavior of aluminum silicon alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 528(1):247–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Riahi AR, Alpas AT (2001) The role of tribo-layers on the sliding wear behavior of graphitic aluminum matrix composites. Wear 251(1–12):1396–1407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Archard JF (1953) Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces. J Appl Phys 24:981–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hirst W (1957) Proceedings of the conference on lubrication and wear. IMechE, London, p 674

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hutchings I, Shipway P (2017) Tribology: friction and wear of engineering materials. Book, 2nd edn. Elsevier Ltd

  34. Stachowiak GW, Bachelor AW (1993) Tribology series: engineering tribology, vol 24, 1st edn. Elsevier, pp 1–872

  35. Dixit T, Eswar Prasad K (2022) Effect of temperature and sliding velocity on the dry sliding wear mechanisms of boron modified Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Lubricants 10:296. https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10110296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Dwivedi DK, Arjun TS, Thakur P, Vaidya H, Singh K (2004) Sliding wear and friction behaviour of Al-18% Si-0.5% Mg alloy. J Mater Process Technol 152(30):323–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank VGST, Karnataka for supporting the current research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tontadarya College of Engineering, GADAG, Gadag-Betageri, India, 582101

    Mehabubsubahani R. Alavandi & Dayanand M. Goudar

  2. Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK

    Julfikar Haider

Authors
  1. Mehabubsubahani R. Alavandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Julfikar Haider
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dayanand M. Goudar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Mehabubsubahani R. Alavandi: Literature search, Methodology, experimental data analysis and drafting.

Dayanand M. Goudar: Conceptualization, data curation, review, editing and Supervision.

Julfikar Haider- review, editing and supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dayanand M. Goudar.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alavandi, M.R., Haider, J. & Goudar, D.M. Investigation of the Influence of Ni and Cu Additions on the Wear Behavior of Spray Formed Al-15Si Alloy at Elevated Temperature. Silicon 15, 5963–5980 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02465-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02465-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation