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Understanding the Science of Resistance Training: An Evolutionary Perspective

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Abstract

The history of resistance training research began with anecdotal ideas and a slow growth of research from the late 1890s through the 1970s. The mid-1970s were a nexus point when resistance training studies evolved from just strength assessments to importance in physiological systems, physical health, and physical performance capabilities for individuals interested in physical fitness through to those seeking elite athletic performances. The pursuit of understanding program design and what mediated successful programs continues today as new findings, replication of old concepts, and new visions with the latest technologies fuel both our understanding and interest in this modality. This brief review highlights some of the important scientific contributions to the evolution of our scientific study of resistance training and provides a literature base analysis for greater quantification of the origins and expanse of such investigations.

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Acknowledgements

Parts of this review originated from the 2015 J.B. Wolffe Memorial Lecture presented by William Kraemer at the annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    William J. Kraemer

  2. Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA

    Nicholas A. Ratamess

  3. Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Shawn D. Flanagan

  4. Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Coaching, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA

    Jason P. Shurley

  5. Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Janice S. Todd & Terry C. Todd

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Correspondence to William J. Kraemer.

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William Kraemer, Nicholas Ratamess, Shawn Flanagan, Jason Shurley, Janice Todd, and Terry Todd have no conflicts of interest directly relevant to the content of this article.

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Kraemer, W.J., Ratamess, N.A., Flanagan, S.D. et al. Understanding the Science of Resistance Training: An Evolutionary Perspective. Sports Med 47, 2415–2435 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0779-y

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