Abstract
Thanks to channel reciprocity, the time-division duplexing operation is typically used for distributed large-scale multiple-input multiple-output systems. With the knowledge of uplink channel state, APs (Access Points) perform the downlink precoding to cooperatively communicate with multiple UEs (User Equipments). Unfortunately, the channel reciprocity is often jeopardized by the non-symmetric transceiver RF (Radio Frequency) circuits at both sides of the link. By excluding UEs from the calibration procedure, the TLS (Total Least Squares) method is extended to the case of partial calibration, where only the APs are involved to exchange calibration signals to compensate for RF mismatches. Nevertheless, channel fluctuations between APs significantly degrade system performance. Therefore, we propose a scheme to obtain the diversity gain, by performing a calibration with the combination of the calibration signals of different channel coherent times. Simulation results confirm the effective performance and robustness of our scheme.
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This work is supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (No. 2013CB336600); the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 61271205, 61501113, 61521061, 61372100); National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (“863” Program) (No. 2014AA01A704); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20150630); the Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2014DFT10290); and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province Plans to Graduate Research and Innovation (No. KYLX15_0075).
Hao Wei was born in 1988. He received the B.S. and the M.S. degrees from Nanjing University of Posts and Communications, Nanjing, China, in 2010, and 2013, respectively. He received the Ph.D. degree from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 2016. He is currently working for ZTE Corporation in Shanghai. His current research interests include massive MIMO, and reci procity calibration.
Dongming Wang [corresponding author] was born in 1977. He received the B.S. degree from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 1999, the M.S. degree from Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2002, and the Ph.D. degree from Southeast University in 2006. He joined the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory at Southeast University, China, in 2006, where he has been an associate professor since 2010. His current research interests include turbo detection, channel estimation, distributed antenna systems, and large-scale MIMO systems.
Jingyu Hua was born in 1978. He received his Ph.D. degree in radio engineering from Southeast University in 2006. That year, he joined Zhejiang University of Technology as an assistant professor, and is now a full professor. Dr. Hua has published more than 100 international journal and conference papers. His research interests lie in the area of parameter estimation, channel modeling, wireless localization and digital filtering in mobile communications.
Junhui Zhao was born in 1973. He received his Ph.D. degree from Southeast University in 2004. He is currently a professor in the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China. He is also a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Prof. Zhao has published over 50 papers and more than 10 patents pending. His current research is wireless location and cognitive radio.
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Wei, H., Wang, D., Hua, J. et al. Cooperative TDD reciprocity calibration with diversity combining for distributed large-scale MIMO systems. J. Commun. Inf. Netw. 2, 61–67 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41650-017-0015-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41650-017-0015-9