Abstract
Spatially continuous observed atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is necessary to validate spatially resolved emission inventory and measure policy effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, currently available ground-based observation networks are insufficient to meet this purpose. Moreover, the atmospheric transport model-based CO2 concentration data are mostly criticized for variable emission amounts as model input. The study presents a methodological approach to resolve this limitation by interpolating the satellite-based observed column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO2) database that offers the advantage of dense spatial coverage. Three spatial interpolation methods (SIMs), Inverse distance weighting (IDW), Spline, and Ordinary Kriging (OK), were used for this purpose. The SIMs’ performances were evaluated and compared based on three statistical indices. Besides, we used ground-based station observed data in original and bootstrapped samples with replacement to evaluate the variability of the interpolated XCO2 with the observed station data. The study concludes that the Spline method interpolates XCO2 better than IDW and OK to a wider spatial extent. On the other hand, the OK shows better results in explaining the ground-based station data. This study approach is limited to capturing the annual variability of XCO2 in the interpolation methods due to the unavailability of consecutive periods’ satellite-based quality data points in a wider spatial range.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated and analyzed for this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The study was conducted on several secondary databases. Therefore, we are grateful to the organizations and anonymous persons who have made the databases open and available to the people. Specifically, we would like to extend our heartiest gratitude to The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the accessible online platform of databases. Finally, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their scholarly suggestions and editorial corrections.
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Muhammad Salaha Uddin: conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, data curation, writing the original draft, writing review and editing, and visualization. Kevin P Czajkowski: methodology and supervision.
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Uddin, M.S., Czajkowski, K.P. Performance Assessment of Spatial Interpolation Methods for the Estimation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in the Wider Geographic Extent. J geovis spat anal 6, 10 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-022-00105-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-022-00105-1