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Longitudinal analysis of heart rate and physical activity collected from smartwatches

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Abstract

Smartwatches can continuously and autonomously monitor vital signs, including heart rates and physical activities involving wrist movement. The monitoring capability of smartwatches has several key health benefits arising from their role in preventive and diagnostic medicine. Current research, however, has not explored many of these opportunities, including longitudinal studies. In our work, we gathered longitudinal data, including heart rate and physical activity, from various brands of smartwatches worn by 1014 users. Our analysis shows three common heart rate patterns during sleep and two common patterns during the day. In addition, we aim to emphasize the practical application of our statistical methods, showcasing the valuable insights and patterns they reveal. We find that heart rate and physical activities are higher in summer and the first month of the new year compared to other months. Moreover, physical activities are reduced on weekends compared with weekdays. Interestingly, the highest peak of physical activity is during the evening.

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Data availability statement

Data are available upon request and they are not yet publicly released.

Notes

  1. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.insight.insight.

  2. This equation was obtained from the following linkFootnote 3 which analyzes time series clustering.

  3. https://www.kaggle.com/code/izzettunc/introduction-to-time-series-clustering/notebook.

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Funding

There is no financial support available for this research and the authors contributed to this work voluntarily.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Karimi

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Zohreh Amoozgar

  3. University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Reza Reiazi

  4. Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

    Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

  5. Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Reza Rawassizadeh

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Karimi
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  2. Zohreh Amoozgar
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  3. Reza Reiazi
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  4. Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
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  5. Reza Rawassizadeh
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Contributions

Data collection and design of the study: RR, data processing and experimentation and writing the first draft: FK, revising the manuscript: RR, ZA, RReiazi, MH; all authors approved the final submitted draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Reza Rawassizadeh.

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Ethical standards

The experimental procedures involving human subjects described in this section were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Sharif University of Technology. All data are anonymized and no privacy-sensitive information is included.

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Karimi, F., Amoozgar, Z., Reiazi, R. et al. Longitudinal analysis of heart rate and physical activity collected from smartwatches. CCF Trans. Pervasive Comp. Interact. 6, 18–35 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42486-024-00147-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42486-024-00147-y

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