Abstract
Extreme learning machines (ELM) were created to simplify the training phase of single-layer feedforward neural networks, where the input weights are randomly set and the only parameter is the number of neurons in the hidden layer. These networks are also known for one-shot training using Moore–Penrose pseudo-inverse. In this work, we propose Gauss–Seidel extreme learning machine (GS-ELM), an ELM based on Gauss–Seidel iterative method to solve linear equation systems. We performed tests considering databases with different characteristics and analysed its discrimination capabilities and memory consumption in comparison to the canonical ELM and the online sequential ELM. GS-ELM presented similar discrimination capabilities, but consuming significantly less memory, turning possible its application in low-memory systems and embedded solutions.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our very great appreciation to the Brazilian research funding agencies CNPq and CAPES, for the partial financial support.
Funding
Funding received from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (BR) (scholarhips PPGEC-UPE-2017); CNPq-Brazil (Grant 314896/2018-0).
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Appendix: Tables of Memory Consumption
Appendix: Tables of Memory Consumption
This section aims to show, in more details, the results of memory consumption for every configuration of GS-ELM, ELM and OS-ELM, considering every database (Tables 26, 27, 28, 29, 30). They are explained and further explored in Results section.
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de Freitas, R.C., Ferreira, J., de Lima, S.M.L. et al. Gauss–Seidel Extreme Learning Machines. SN COMPUT. SCI. 1, 220 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00232-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00232-w