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Mechanism of surface modification of a porous-coated Ti-6Al-4V implant fabricated by electrical resistance sintering

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Abstract

A porous-coated Ti-6Al-4V implant was fabricated by electrical resistance sintering, using 480 μF capacitance and 1.5 kJ input energy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the surface characteristics of the implant material before and after sintering. There were substantial differences in the content of O and N between as-received atomized Ti-6Al-4V powders and the sintered prototype implant, which indicates that electrical resistance sintering alters the surface composition of Ti-6Al-4V. Whereas the surface of atomized Ti-6Al-4V powders was primarily TiO2, the surface of the implant consisted of a complex of titanium oxides as well as small amounts of titanium carbide and nitride. It is proposed that the electrical resistance sintering process consists of five stages: stage I – electronic breakdown of oxide film and heat accumulation at the metal-oxide interface; stage II – physical breakdown of oxide film; stage III – neck formation and neck growth; stage IV – oxidation, nitriding, and carburizing; and stage V – heat dissipation. The fourth stage, during which the alloy repassivates, is responsible for the altered surface composition of the implant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Korea

    W. H. Lee, S. J. Kim & W. J. Lee

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Taejon National University of Technology, Taejon, 300-717, Korea

    C. S. Byun & D. K. Kim

  3. Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Uiduk University, Kyongju, 780-713, Korea

    J. Y. Kim

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul, 970-614, Korea

    C. Y. Hyun

  5. School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Korea

    J. G. Lee

  6. Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea

    J. W. Park

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  1. W. H. Lee
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Correspondence to W. H. Lee.

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Lee, W.H., Kim, S.J., Lee, W.J. et al. Mechanism of surface modification of a porous-coated Ti-6Al-4V implant fabricated by electrical resistance sintering. Journal of Materials Science 36, 3573–3577 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017905305737

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