Abstract
Objective: Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a potential field and clinical method for evaluating skeletal muscle mass (SM) and %fat. A new BIA system has 8-(two on each hand and foot) rather than 4-contact electrodes allowing for rapid âwhole-bodyâ and regional body composition evaluation.
Design: This study evaluated the 50âkHz BC-418 8-contact electrode and TBF-310 4-contact electrode footâfoot BIA systems (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan).
Subjects: There were 40 subject evaluations in males (n=20) and females (n=20) ranging in age from 6 to 64ây. BIA was evaluated in each subject and compared to reference lean soft-tissue (LST) and %fat estimates in the appendages and remainder (trunk+head) provided by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Appendicular LST (ALST) estimates from both BIA and DXA were used to derive total body SM mass.
Results: The highest correlation between total body LST by DXA and impedance index (Ht2/Z) by BC-418 was for the footâhand segments (r=0.986; left side only) compared to the arm (r=0.970â0.979) and leg segments (r=0.942â0.957)(all P<0.001). The within- and between-day coefficient of variation for %fat and ALST evaluated in five subjects was <1% and â¼1â3.7%, respectively. The correlations between 8-electrode predicted and DXA appendicular (arms, legs, total) and trunk+head LST were strong and highly significant (all r⩾0.95, P<0.001) and group means did not differ across methods. Skeletal muscle mass calculated (Kim equation) from total ALST by DXA (X±s.d.)(23.7±9.7âkg) was not significantly different and highly correlated with BC-418 estimates (25.2±9.6âkg; r=0.96, P<0.001). There was a good correlation between total body %fat by 8-electrode BIA vs DXA (r=0.87, P<0.001) that exceeded the corresponding association with 4-electrode BIA (r=0.82, P<0.001). Group mean segmental %fat estimates from BC-418 did not differ significantly from corresponding DXA estimates. No between-method bias was detected in the whole body, ALST, and skeletal muscle analyses.
Conclusions: The new 8-electrode BIA system offers an important new opportunity of evaluating SM in research and clinical settings. The additional electrodes of the new BIA system also improve the association with DXA %fat estimates over those provided by the conventional footâfoot BIA.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altman DG & Bland JM (1983): Measurement in medicine, the analysis of method comparison studies. Statistician 32, 307â317.
Bedogni G, Malavolti M, Severi S, Poli M, Mussi C, Fantuzzi AL & Battistini NC (2002): Accuracy of an eight-point tactile-electrode impedance method in the assessment of total body water. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 1143â1148.
Bracco D, Berger MM, Revelly JP, Schutz Y, Frascarolo P & Chiolero R (2000): Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess perioperative fluid changes. Crit. Care Med. 28, 2390â2396.
Cha K, Sunyoung S, Shon C, Choi S & Wilmore D (1997): Evaluation of segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (SBIA) for measuring muscle distribution. J. ICHPER SD-Asia 1, 11â14.
Cornish BH, Jacobs A, Thomas BJ & Ward LC (1999): Optimizing electrode sites for segmental bioimpedance measurements. Physiol. Meas. 20, 241â250.
de Fijter CW, de Fijter MM, Oe LP, Donker AJ & de Vries PM (1993): The impact of hydration status on the assessment of lean body mass by body electrical impedance in dialysis patients. Adv. Perit. Dial. 9, 101â104.
Elia M, Fuller NJ, Hardingham CR, Graves M, Screaton N, Dixon AK & Ward LC (2000): Modeling leg sections by bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometry: assessing segmental muscle volume using magnetic resonance imaging as a reference. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 904, 298â305.
Fuller NJ, Fewtrell MS, Dewit O, Elia M & Wells JC (2002): Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis in children aged 8â12 y: 2. The assessment of regional body composition and muscle mass. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26, 692â700.
Kim J, Wang ZM, Heymsfield SB, Baumgartner RN & Gallagher D (2002): Total-body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 378â383.
Kyle UG, Genton L, Hans D & Pichard C (2003): Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Clin. Nutr. 6, 537â543.
Lukaski HC (2000): Assessing regional muscle mass with segmental measurements of bioelectrical impedance in obese women during weight loss. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 904, 154â158.
Nunez C, Gallagher D, Spungen AZ, Bauman W & Heymsfield SB (2003): Are age-related bioimpedance analysis effects also present in patients with spinal cord injury? Relevance to clinical prediction of skeletal muscle mass. IJBCR 1, 11â16.
Nunez C, Gallagher D, Visser M, Pi-Sunyer FX, Wang ZM & Heymsfield SB (1997): Bioimpedance analysis: evaluation of leg-to-leg system based on pressure contact footpad electrodes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29, 524â531.
Organ LW, Bradham GB, Gore DT & Lozier SL (1994): Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: theory and application of a new technique. J. Appl. Physiol. 77, 98â112.
Pietrobelli A, Formica C, Wang ZM & Heymsfield SB (1996): Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition model: review of physical concepts. Am. J. Physiol. 271, E941âE951.
Pietrobelli A, Morini P, Battistini N, Chiumello G, Nunez C & Heymsfield SB (1998a): Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: prediction from multiple frequency segmental bioimpedance analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 507â511.
Pietrobelli A, Nunez C, Zingaretti G, Battistini N, Morini P, Wang ZM, Yasumura S & Heymsfield SB (2002): Assessment by bioimpedance of forearm cell mass: a new approach to calibration. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 723â728.
Pietrobelli A, Wang ZM, Formica C & Heymsfield SB (1998b): Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: fat estimation error due to variation in soft tissue hydration. Am. J. Physiol. 274, E808âE816.
Pirlich M, Schutz T, Ockenga J, Biering H, Gerl H, Schmidt B, Ertl S, Plauth M & Lochs H (2003): Improved assessment of body cell mass by segmental bioimpedance analysis in malnourished subjects and acromegaly. Clin. Nutr. 167â174.
Plum J, Schoenicke G, Kleophas W, Kulas W, Steffen F, Azem A & Grabensee B (2001): Comparison of body fluid distribution between chronic haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients as assessed by biophysical and biochemical methods. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 16, 2378â2385.
Salinari S, Bertuzzi A, Mingrone G, Capristo E, Scarfone A, Greco AV & Heymsfield SB. (2003): Bioimpedance analysis: a useful technique for assessing appendicular lean soft tissue mass and distribution. J. Appl. Physiol. 4, 1552â1556.
Tan YX, Nunez C, Sun Y, Zhang K, Wang Z & Heymsfield SB (1997): New electrode system for rapid whole-body and segmental bioimpedance assessment. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29, 1269â1273.
Wotton MJ, Thomas BJ, Cornish BH & Ward LC (2000): Comparison of whole body and segmental bioimpedance methodologies for estimating total body water. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 904, 181â186.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants RR00645 and NIDDK 42618. Dr St-Onge is supported by a fellowship from Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Guarantor: A Pietrobelli.
Contributors: A Pietrobelli designed and coordinated the project, literature review. F Rubiano and M-P St-Onge were involved in documentation and literature review; SB Heymsfield was involved in literature review, documentation review and project adviser. All authors contributed to the preparation of this paper.
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pietrobelli, A., Rubiano, F., St-Onge, MP. et al. New bioimpedance analysis system: improved phenotyping with whole-body analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 58, 1479â1484 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601993
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601993
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Development and validation of bioelectrical impedance prediction equations estimating regional lean soft tissue mass in middle-aged adults
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2023)
-
Longitudinal analysis of resting energy expenditure and body mass composition in physically active children and adolescents
BMC Pediatrics (2022)
-
The moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in schoolchildren
Scientific Reports (2022)
-
Increased pulse wave velocity is related to impaired working memory and executive function in older adults with metabolic syndrome
GeroScience (2022)
-
Development of muscle mass and body fat reference curves for white male UK firefighters
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2022)