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A high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism screen of 23 candidate genes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: suggesting multiple susceptibility genes among Chinese Han population

Molecular Psychiatry volume 14, pages 546–554 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset behavioral disorder with a definite genetic component. The search for genes predisposing to ADHD has focused on genes involved in the regulation of monoamine systems. In this study, we emphasized genes that underlie various aspects of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmissions and performed a comprehensive association analysis by screening with 245 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 23 candidate genes in a sample of Chinese Han descent. A total of 182 DSM-IV ADHD children and 184 healthy controls were genotyped and analyzed with an average density of one SNP every 6.1 kb. Both single-SNP and multi-marker haplotype analyses were implemented to exploit association signal for ADHD and its diagnostic subtypes. Empirical P-values were derived on the basis of 5000 permutations to evaluate gene-wide statistical significance. MAOA yielded highly suggestive evidence of association (empirical P<0.01, OR=1.94) with ADHD. For inattentive ADHD, MAOA, DDC and SYP showed suggestive evidence of association (empirical P<0.05). ADRA2C achieved suggestive significance (empirical P<0.05) for ADHD combined type. Additionally, for six genes (SNAP25, NET1, DBH, CHRNA4, DRD3 and SYT1) we detected one or more SNPs with nominal P-values⩽0.05. This study has identified several genes as promising susceptibility loci for ADHD. Replication efforts and further investigations remain necessary to provide definite proof of association.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from Project of Science and Technology (Beijing, Grant No. Y0204003040831) and National Natural Science Foundation (China, Grant no. 30400150 and no. 30770774). We thank all the study participants for their donation of blood for analysis. We are also grateful to the ADHD Molecular Genetics Network (funded by NIMH Grant R13MH59126 to SV Faraone) for providing us with the up to date information about methods and ongoing work in ADHD genetic research. LG and BW contributed equally to this work. To the best of our knowledge, none of the authors have any conflicts of interest that require disclosure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China

    L Guan, B Wang, Y Chen, L Yang, J Li, Q Qian & Y Wang

  2. Department of Illumina Operations and Technical Services, Eastwin Life Sciences Inc., Beijing, China

    Z Wang

  3. The Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    S V Faraone

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Correspondence to Y Wang.

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Guan, L., Wang, B., Chen, Y. et al. A high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism screen of 23 candidate genes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: suggesting multiple susceptibility genes among Chinese Han population. Mol Psychiatry 14, 546–554 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002139

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