Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Impacts of noise and structure on quantum information encoded in a quantum memory

Matthew Otten, Keshav Kapoor, A. Barış Özgüler, Eric T. Holland, James B. Kowalkowski, Yuri Alexeev, and Adam L. Lyon
Phys. Rev. A 104, 012605 – Published 16 July 2021
PDFHTMLExport Citation
Abstract
Authors
Article Text
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THEORETICAL METHODS
  • RESULTS
  • DISCUSSION
  • CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • APPENDICES
    • References

    Abstract

    As larger, higher-quality quantum devices are built and demonstrated in quantum information applications, such as quantum computation and quantum communication, the need for high-quality quantum memories to store quantum states becomes ever more pressing. Future quantum devices likely will use a variety of physical hardware, some being used primarily for processing of quantum information and others for storage. Here we study the correlation of the structure of quantum information with physical noise models of various possible quantum memory implementations. Through numerical simulation of different noise models and approximate analytical formulas applied to a variety of interesting quantum states, we provide comparisons between quantum hardware with different structure, including both qubit- and qudit-based quantum memories. Our findings point to simple, experimentally relevant formulas for the relative lifetimes of quantum information in different quantum memories and have relevance to the design of hybrid quantum devices.

    • Figure
    • Figure
    • Figure
    • Figure
    • Figure
    • Figure
    • Figure
    1 More
    • Received 1 December 2020
    • Revised 26 May 2021
    • Accepted 22 June 2021

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.104.012605

    ©2021 American Physical Society

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    1. Research Areas
    Quantum computationQuantum information architectures & platformsQuantum memories
    Quantum Information, Science & Technology

    Authors & Affiliations

    Matthew Otten1,*, Keshav Kapoor2, A. Barış Özgüler2, Eric T. Holland2,†, James B. Kowalkowski2, Yuri Alexeev3, and Adam L. Lyon2

    • 1Nanoscience and Technology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
    • 2Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
    • 3Computation Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA

    • *Correspondence and present address: mjotten@hrl.com, HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, CA 90265.
    • †Present address: Quantum R&D Center, Keysight Technologies Inc., 1 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142.

    Article Text (Subscription Required)

    Click to Expand

    References (Subscription Required)

    Click to Expand
    Issue

    Vol. 104, Iss. 1 — July 2021

    Reuse & Permissions
    Access Options
    CHORUS

    Article Available via CHORUS

    Download Accepted Manuscript
    Author publication services for translation and copyediting assistance advertisement

    Authorization Required

    Log In
    Other Options
    ×

    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1

      Quantum memories can be made out of a variety of quantum systems; here we schematically show the noise properties of two quantum memories. Left: A quantum memory comprising qubits subject to amplitude damping (also called T1, represented by the waves flying out of the qubits) and pure dephasing (also called T2*, denoted by the arrows pointing in many directions). Each qubit adds two noise channels, each with the same strength. Right: A quantum memory comprising a single qudit subject to amplitude damping. The noise grows as the number of levels increases.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 2
      Figure 2

      Scaling ratio for the qudit-based quantum memory to perform as well as the qubit-based quantum memory versus the number of qubits for the GHZ state. The ratio grows exponentially as the number of qubits grows.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 3
      Figure 3

      Comparison of the numerically simulated and analytically predicted scaling ratios between a qubit-based quantum memory with both amplitude damping and dephasing and a qudit-based quantum memory with only amplitude damping, for a wide of variety of interesting quantum states. The dashed black line is y=x; the closer the points are to this line, the better the prediction.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 4
      Figure 4

      Comparison of the numerically simulated and analytically predicted scaling ratios between a qubit-based quantum memory with both amplitude damping and dephasing and an array of two qudits with only amplitude damping, for many quantum states. The dashed black line is y=x; the closer the points are to this line, the better the prediction.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 5
      Figure 5

      Performance enhancement from reordering the quantum information in a qudit-based quantum memory with amplitude damping. The simulated performance gain grows with increasing average number of excitations in the original state.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 6
      Figure 6

      Comparison of the simulated and predicted scaling ratios between a qubit-based quantum memory with both amplitude damping and dephasing and a qudit-based quantum memory with only amplitude damping, for a wide of variety of interesting quantum states. The two different target fidelities here (in addition to Fig. 3) show that the specific target fidelity does not affect the overall conclusions.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 7
      Figure 7

      Comparison of the simulated and predicted scaling ratios between a qubit-based quantum memory with both amplitude damping and dephasing and a qudit-based quantum memory with only amplitude damping for the GHZ state at three different target fidelities. While the exact location of the simulated scaling changes, the values are reasonably close.

      Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 8
      Figure 8

      Comparison of the full Lindblad dynamics and the non-Hermitian (NH) approximation for specific nq=10 instances of the various states studied.

      Reuse & Permissions
    ×

    Sign up to receive regular email alerts from Physical Review A

    Log In

    Cancel
    ×

    Search

    Article Lookup

    Paste a citation or DOI
    Enter a citation
    ×