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Quantum-state tomography of a single nuclear spin qubit of an optically manipulated ytterbium atom

Atsushi Noguchi, Yujiro Eto, Masahito Ueda, and Mikio Kozuma
Phys. Rev. A 84, 030301(R) – Published 9 September 2011
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Abstract

A single Yb atom is loaded into a high-finesse optical cavity with a moving lattice, and its nuclear spin state is manipulated using a nuclear magnetic resonance technique. A highly reliable quantum state control with fidelity and purity greater than 0.98 and 0.96, respectively, is confirmed by the full quantum state tomography; a projective measurement with high speed (500μs) and high efficiency (0.98) is accomplished using the cavity QED technique. Because a hyperfine coupling is induced only when the projective measurement is operational, the long coherence times (T1=0.49 s and T2=0.10 s) are maintained.

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  • Received 8 June 2010

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.84.030301

©2011 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Atsushi Noguchi1,2, Yujiro Eto2, Masahito Ueda2,3, and Mikio Kozuma1,2,*

  • 1Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
  • 2ERATO Macroscopic Quantum Control Project, JST, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
  • 3Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

  • *kozuma@ap.titech.ac.jp

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Vol. 84, Iss. 3 — September 2011

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  • Figure 1
    Figure 1
    Experimental setup and time chart. (a) Energy-level diagram of 171Yb. (b) Experimental setup. (c) Time chart for experiment. |↑〉 and |↓〉 denote the magnetic sublevels mF=+1/2and−1/2 in the ground state 1S0(F=1/2), respectively. The substates in the excited state 3P1 are labeled as |mF〉.Reuse & Permissions
  • Figure 2
    Figure 2
    Rabi oscillation and Ramsey interference. Time developments of population of |↓〉 state as measured by (a) Rabi oscillation and (b) Ramsey interference. The error bars are estimated on the basis of the statistical distribution of signal counts. The solid (dotted) curve is a fit based on the assumption that there is a single atom (two atoms) in the cavity mode.Reuse & Permissions
  • Figure 3
    Figure 3
    Full quantum state tomography. Real and imaginary parts of density matrices for the prepared nuclear spin states reconstructed using the maximum likelihood estimation. The corresponding spin states are (a) (|↑〉+|↓〉)/2, (b) (|↑〉+i|↓〉)/2, and (c) |↓〉.Reuse & Permissions
  • Figure 4
    Figure 4
    Measurement of coherence time of single nuclear qubit. (a) Decay of population of |↓〉 state. The inset shows the survival probability of an atom in the cavity as a function of time. (b) Time development of visibility of Ramsey fringe. The inset shows typical examples of Ramsey interference patterns. For both cases (a) and (b), the error bars are evaluated on the basis of the binomial distribution of signal counts.Reuse & Permissions
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