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  • Letter

Hybrid s-wave superconductivity in CrB2

Sananda Biswas, Andreas Kreisel, Adrian Valadkhani, Matteo Dürrnagel, Tilman Schwemmer, Ronny Thomale, Roser Valentí, and Igor I. Mazin
Phys. Rev. B 108, L020501 – Published 5 July 2023
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Abstract

In a metal with multiple Fermi pockets, the formation of s-wave superconductivity can be conventional due to electron-phonon coupling or unconventional due to spin fluctuations. We analyze the hexagonal diboride CrB2, which is an itinerant antiferromagnet at ambient conditions and turns superconducting upon increasing pressure. While the high-pressure behavior of Tc suggests conventional s-wave pairing, we find that spin fluctuations promoting unconventional s-wave pairing become important in the vicinity of the antiferromagnetic dome. As the symmetry class of the s-wave state is independent of its underlying mechanism, we argue that CrB2 is a realization of a hybrid s-wave superconductor where unconventional and conventional s-wave mechanisms team up to form a joint superconducting dome.

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  • Received 8 November 2022
  • Revised 12 June 2023
  • Accepted 13 June 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L020501

©2023 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Authors & Affiliations

Sananda Biswas1,*, Andreas Kreisel2,3,†, Adrian Valadkhani1, Matteo Dürrnagel4,5, Tilman Schwemmer4, Ronny Thomale4, Roser Valentí1, and Igor I. Mazin6,7

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 2Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
  • 3Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 4Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
  • 5Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zúrich, Switzerland
  • 6Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
  • 7Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA

  • *biswas@itp.uni-frankfurt.de
  • kreisel@nbi.ku.dk

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Issue

Vol. 108, Iss. 2 — 1 July 2023

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Images

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    Proposed schematic temperature-pressure phase diagram for a hybrid s-wave superconductor. Spin fluctuation limit: Antiferromagnetic region with maximum TAFM at ambient pressure (blue region), dropping rapidly with pressure and followed by (possibly overlapping with) a smaller unconventional superconducting dome near the quantum critical point (red region). Electron-phonon limit: Tc is only weakly dependent on pressure and dominates the high-pressure part of the phase diagram (light-orange region). The hybrid s wave (green) appears in the crossover region between the two limits where the pair-breaking impact of spin fluctuations is vital for explaining the drop of Tc towards ambient pressure.

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  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    Electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) at 100 GPa. Fat bands and DOS of Cr 3d states (cyan) and B 2p states (red) show that both states contribute to the formation of the Fermi surface.

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  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    Spin-fluctuation pairing. Eigenvalues λi of the leading and subleading instabilities as a function of pressure as calculated with U=0.124eV where the critical pressure is pc=16GPa. All calculations are at fixed temperature T=0.02eV. Insets: Gap function gi(k) on the Fermi surface of the leading s-wave (black circles) state and d/g-wave (red circles) state for two representative pressures of 26 and 60 GPa as indicated by the arrows. Red and blue regions represent two opposite signs of the gap function.

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  • Figure 4
    Figure 4

    Phonon dispersion, electron-phonon (EP) linewidth, spectral function [α2F(ω)], and phonon density of states (ph DOS) of the relaxed structure at 100 GPa. Normalized percentage of EP linewidth (orange) is equal to γ/γmax×100% and is strongly peaked at zone center, Γ.

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