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Bulk photovoltaic effect in antiferromagnet: Role of collective spin dynamics

Junta Iguchi, Hikaru Watanabe, Yuta Murakami, Takuya Nomoto, and Ryotaro Arita
Phys. Rev. B 109, 064407 – Published 6 February 2024
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  • INTRODUCTION
  • METHOD
  • RESULTS
  • SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • APPENDICES
    • References

    Abstract

    Inspired by recent advancements in the bulk photovoltaic effect which can extend beyond the independent-particle approximation (IPA), this study delves into the influence of collective spin dynamics in an antiferromagnet on photocurrent generation using a time domain calculation. In the linear and photocurrent conductivity spectra, we observe peaks below the band gap regime, attributed to the resonant contributions of collective modes, alongside broadband modifications resulting from off-resonant spin dynamics. Notably, the emergence of spin dynamics allows various types of photocurrent, which are absent in the IPA framework. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of energy scale proximity between electronic and spin degrees of freedom in enabling efficient feedback. These findings offer new avenues for efficient energy harvesting and optoelectronic applications.

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    • Received 30 October 2023
    • Revised 9 January 2024
    • Accepted 16 January 2024

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.064407

    ©2024 American Physical Society

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    1. Research Areas
    Photovoltaic effectSpin dynamics
    1. Physical Systems
    Antiferromagnets
    1. Techniques
    Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation
    Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

    Authors & Affiliations

    Junta Iguchi1,*, Hikaru Watanabe2,†, Yuta Murakami3, Takuya Nomoto2, and Ryotaro Arita2,3

    • 1Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
    • 2Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
    • 3Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

    • *iguchi-junta688@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
    • †hikaru-watanabe@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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    Vol. 109, Iss. 6 — 1 February 2024

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    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1

      (a) One-dimensional chain model with canted antiferromagnetic order. (b) Band dispersion of the system with the parameters th=1,λ=0.8,J=0.6,Kz=0.2,hy=0.2.

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    • Figure 2
      Figure 2

      Collective mode of canted antiferromagnetic moment. The red (blue) arrow indicates the spin moment in the A (B) sublattice, respectively. The black arrow denotes the summation of the sublattice spin moment.

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    • Figure 3
      Figure 3

      (a) Linear electromagnetic susceptibility to the external light field. (b) Linear optical conductivity of the system. The red solid line and the blue dashed line indicate the calculation with and without updating the spin configurations, respectively. The black dashed line indicates the band gap frequency.

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    • Figure 4
      Figure 4

      (a) Photocurrent spectra. The blue dashed and red solid lines indicate the IPA calculation and calculation incorporating the spin dynamics, respectively. (b), (c) Dependence of photocurrent conductivity at the above-band-gap frequency (ωp=0.8) on (b) electric-field strength E0 and (c) relaxation time τ. The blue and red lines indicated the IPA calculation and calculation incorporating the spin dynamics, respectively. The black solid line in (b) indicates the line which is proportional to E02.

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    • Figure 5
      Figure 5

      (a) Schematic picture of three different processes of the photocurrent in the presence of collective spin dynamics. The wavy and dashed lines indicate the light field and interaction J, respectively. ⊗ represents the output photocurrent. The solid triangles describe the photocurrent susceptibility evaluated with the IPA. ΔS is the light-induced spin dynamics. (b) Photocurrent spectra originating from the three different processes. The inset shows the magnified view of σcol-E component around the collective mode frequency ωp∼0.35.

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    • Figure 6
      Figure 6

      Relaxation time dependence of photocurrent conductivity given by (a) Eq. (38), (b) Eq. (39), and (c) Eq. (40). The insets in (b) and (c) show the magnified view of photocurrent spectra around the collective mode frequency ωp∼0.35.

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    • Figure 7
      Figure 7

      (a) Magnetic field dependence of linear electromagnetic susceptibility ImχLxE(ω) to the external light field. (b) Photocurrent spectra σ(ω=0;ωp)−σ0(ω=0;ωp) with modulating the canted angle of antiferromagnetic moments by changing the magnetic field along the y direction.

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    • Figure 8
      Figure 8

      (a) J,λ dependence of amplitude of electromagnetic susceptibility. The white dashed lines indicate the band. The parameters th=1,Kz=0.2,hz=0.2,γ=0.01 were used. (b) Change of Photocurrent spectra arising from spin dynamics σ(ω=0;ωp)−σ0(ω=0;ωp). Parameters are th=1,λ=0.8,Kz=0.2,hy=0.2.

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    • Figure 9
      Figure 9

      Photocurrent spectra with smaller spin-orbit coupling. The parameters th=1,λ=0.1,J=0.4,Kz=0.2,hz=0.2,γ=0.01 were used. The blue dashed and red solid lines indicate the IPA calculation and calculation incorporating the spin dynamics, respectively.

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