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Indication of a nonmagnetic surface layer on a magnetic single crystal

Daniel Wegner and Günter Kaindl
Phys. Rev. B 79, 140406(R) – Published 16 April 2009
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    Abstract

    The structural and electronic properties of the surfaces of Sm(0001) and Eu/Gd(0001) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at temperatures between 10 and 110 K. In both systems, an unoccupied surface state is observed that exhibits a temperature-dependent splitting into two states for Eu/Gd(0001), while it is unsplit on Sm(0001). This strongly indicates that the divalent outermost surface layer of Sm(0001) is nonmagnetic despite the antiferromagnetic trivalent Sm substrate. These findings open opportunities for magnetic studies of ultrathin Sm films.

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    • Received 8 September 2008

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.140406

    ©2009 American Physical Society

    Authors & Affiliations

    Daniel Wegner* and Günter Kaindl†

    • Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany

    • *Present address: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA; wegner@berkeley.edu
    • †kaindl@physik.fu-berlin.de

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    Issue

    Vol. 79, Iss. 14 — 1 April 2009

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    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1
      (Color online) (a) STM images of 10 ML Sm(0001)/W(110). The close-up image reveals the hexagonal Moiré pattern of the (11×11) surface reconstruction (large red diamond), with an effective (5.5×5.5) unit cell in STM topography (dashed blue diamond). (b) STM images of 1 ML Eu/Gd(0001) reveal striking structural similarities. Small holes in the surface layer indicate that the amount of deposited Eu is slightly less than 1 ML.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 2
      Figure 2
      (Color online) STS spectra of Sm(0001): the large-bias spectrum (top) is dominated by a single peak centered at 0.25 eV above EF. We interpret this as an unoccupied surface state of the divalent Sm(0001) surface layer.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 3
      Figure 3
      (Color online) STS spectra of 1 ML Eu/Gd(0001): the large-bias spectrum (top) is dominated by two peaks at 0.1 and 0.4 eV above EF, respectively. STS spectra at various T (bottom) show that the peak at 0.1 eV shifts to higher energies with increasing T, while the one at 0.4 eV shifts to lower energies, indicative of an exchange-split surface state.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 4
      Figure 4
      (Color online) Exchange splitting Δex of the Eu/Gd(0001) surface state as a function of T, decreasing linearly with T in the studied T range.Reuse & Permissions
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