Azimuthal anisotropy of produced particles is one of the most important observables used to access the collective properties of the expanding medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present second ($v_2$) and third ($v_3$) order azimuthal anisotropies of $K_S^0, \varphi , \mathrm{\Lambda }, \mathrm{\Xi }$, and $\mathrm{\Omega }$ at midrapidity ($\left|y\right|<1$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=54.4$ GeV measured by the STAR detector. The $v_2$ and $v_3$ are measured as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. Their energy dependence is also studied. $v_3$ is found to be more sensitive to the change in the center-of-mass energy than $v_2$. Scaling by constituent quark number is found to hold for $v_2$ within 10%. This observation could be evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in 54.4 GeV Au+Au collisions. Differences in $v_2$ and $v_3$ between baryons and antibaryons are presented, and ratios of $v_3/v_2^{3/2}$ are studied and motivated by hydrodynamical calculations. The ratio of $v_2$ of $\varphi$ mesons to that of antiprotons $[v_2\left(\varphi \right)/v_2\left(\overline{p}\right)]$ shows centrality dependence at low transverse momentum, presumably resulting from the larger effects from hadronic interactions on antiproton $v_2$.

• Received 18 May 2022
• Accepted 12 October 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.024912