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Isotopic yield distributions of transfer- and fusion-induced fission from 238U+12C reactions in inverse kinematics

M. Caamaño, O. Delaune, F. Farget, X. Derkx, K.-H. Schmidt, L. Audouin, C.-O. Bacri, G. Barreau, J. Benlliure, E. Casarejos, A. Chbihi, B. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Gaudefroy, C. Golabek, B. Jurado, A. Lemasson, A. Navin, M. Rejmund, T. Roger, A. Shrivastava, and C. Schmitt
Phys. Rev. C 88, 024605 – Published 12 August 2013; Erratum Phys. Rev. C 89, 069903 (2014)
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  • INTRODUCTION
  • EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
  • DATA ANALYSIS
  • FISSION-FRAGMENT YIELDS
  • FISSION KINEMATICS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • APPENDICES
    • References

    Abstract

    A method to access the complete identification in atomic number Z and mass A of fragments produced in low-energy fission of actinides is presented. This method, based on the use of multinucleon transfer and fusion reactions in inverse kinematics, is applied in this work to reactions between a 238U beam and a 12C target to produce and induce fission of moderately excited actinides. The fission fragments are detected and fully identified with the VAMOS spectrometer of GANIL, allowing the measurement of fragment yields of several hundreds of isotopes in a range between A∼80 and ∼160, and from Z∼30 to ∼64. Complete isotopic yield distributions of fragments from well defined fissioning systems are made available. Together with the precise measurement of the fragment emission angles and velocities, this technique gives further insight into the nuclear-fission process.

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    • Received 10 April 2013

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.024605

    ©2013 American Physical Society

    Erratum

    Erratum: Isotopic yield distributions of transfer- and fusion-induced fission from U238+C12 reactions in inverse kinematics [Phys. Rev. C 88, 024605 (2013)]

    M. Caamaño, O. Delaune, F. Farget, X. Derkx, K.-H. Schmidt, L. Audouin, C.-O. Bacri, G. Barreau, J. Benlliure, E. Casarejos, A. Chbihi, B. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Gaudefroy, C. Golabek, B. Jurado, A. Lemasson, A. Navin, M. Rejmund, T. Roger, A. Shrivastava, and C. Schmitt
    Phys. Rev. C 89, 069903 (2014)

    Authors & Affiliations

    M. Caamaño1,2,*, O. Delaune1,†, F. Farget1,‡, X. Derkx1,§, K.-H. Schmidt1, L. Audouin3, C.-O. Bacri3, G. Barreau4, J. Benlliure2, E. Casarejos5, A. Chbihi1, B. Fernández-Domínguez6, L. Gaudefroy7, C. Golabek1, B. Jurado4, A. Lemasson1, A. Navin1, M. Rejmund1, T. Roger1, A. Shrivastava1, and C. Schmitt1

    • 1GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen Cedex 5, France
    • 2Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
    • 3IPN Orsay, IN2P3/CNRS-UPS, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
    • 4CENBG, IN2P3/CNRS-UB1, F-33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
    • 5Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
    • 6University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
    • 7CEA/DAM Île-de-France, BP 12, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France

    • *manuel.fresco@usc.es
    • †Present address: CEA DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France; olivier.delaune@cea.fr.
    • ‡fanny.farget@ganil.fr
    • §Present address: Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.

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    Issue

    Vol. 88, Iss. 2 — August 2013

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    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1
      Schematic layout of the experimental setup. The interaction between a 238U beam and a 12C target produces a recoil (RN) and a fissioning system. The former is detected and identified in SPIDER. One of the fragments (FF) emitted by the fissioning system is detected and identified in VAMOS. A few EXOGAM detectors are placed around the target to detect γ emission from the products. See text for details.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 2
      Figure 2
      ΔE-E identification matrix from the SPIDER telescope gated by the detection of a fission fragment in the VAMOS spectrometer. Five recoil (compound) nuclei were identified: (C) carbon (uranium), (B) boron (neptunium), (Be) beryllium (plutonium), (Li) lithium (americium), and (He) helium (curium). The line represents the calculated ΔE-E relation for 12C.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 3
      Figure 3
      Identified fission fragments. (a) Mass A as a function of A/q. (b) Charge state qmeas=A/(A/q) as a function of A/q.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 4
      Figure 4
      (a) Identification of Z via the correlation between the energy loss ΔE in the ionization chamber and the total energy Etot, measured in the ionization chamber and the wall of silicon detectors. Each line is produced by isotopes of the same element. (b) Projection along the ridges of maximum statistics. See text for details.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 5
      Figure 5
      Single γ-ray spectra obtained in coincidence with the specified fragments.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 6
      Figure 6
      (a) Shape of the VAMOS aθ,δ acceptance. (b) The magnetic settings used in the experiment are displayed in Bρ and θL coordinates. The overlapping areas can be distinguished inside the physical distribution. The lines correspond to the kinematics of two charge states of the same isotope. The dots mark the limits of the spectrometer acceptance for each charge state.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 7
      Figure 7
      Bρ distributions corresponding to the magnetic settings used in the experiment before (a) and after (b) normalization. Colors (grayscale values) are a guide to separate the individual settings.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 8
      Figure 8
      (a) Angular distribution ϕL-θL for fragments detected in VAMOS with a relative magnetic rigidity between δ>0.95 and δ<1.0. (b) Projection in ϕL of (a) for a slice between θL>0.3 and θL<0.325, represented with solid lines in (a). The limits of the distribution, defined by its FWHM (dashed line) are shown with solid lines. (c) Angular distribution ϕL-θL distribution with δ>1.0 and δ<1.05. (d) Projection in ϕL for a slice between θL>0.35 and θL<0.375.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 9
      Figure 9
      Envelope of the angular distributions in the reference frame of the fissioning system of 122Sn40+ ions measured in the different spectrometer settings. Colors (grayscale values) are a guide to separate the individual settings.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 10
      Figure 10
      Angular distributions in the reference frame of the fissioning system for all significantly contributing charge states of 122Sn. The integration limits corresponding to a complete transmission within the spectrometer settings for each charge state are shown as vertical bars.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 11
      Figure 11
      Angular distribution in the reference frame of the fissioning system of 122Sn summed over its measured charge states. The integration limits corresponding to a complete transmission within the spectrometer settings are shown as vertical bars.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 12
      Figure 12
      Isotopic distributions of fission fragments produced in the fusion-fission reaction of 238U on 12C, leading to the compound system 250Cf with an excitation energy of 45 MeV. Statistical error bars are smaller than the size of the points.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 13
      Figure 13
      (a) Atomic-number and (b) mass distributions of fission fragments produced in the fusion-fission reaction of 238U on 12C, leading to a compound system250Cf with an excitation energy of 45 MeV. The neutron excess of the isotopic distributions is superimposed in (a) as red (grey) dots. Statistical error bars are displayed.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 14
      Figure 14
      Reconstructed excitation-energy spectrum associated with the two-proton transfer channel.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 15
      Figure 15
      Isotopic fission yields distribution for each of the elements produced in transfer-induced fission leading to the formation of 240Pu. The isotopic-yields sum is normalized to 200. Present data (black dots) are compared to thermal-neutron induced fission data measured in direct kinematics from Refs. [39] [blue (grey) dots] and [3] (red triangles).Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 16
      Figure 16
      (a) Atomic-number and (b) mass distributions of fission fragments produced in the transfer-fission reaction of 238U on 12C, leading to the formation of 240Pu. The neutron excess of the isotopic distributions is superimposed in (a) as red dots. Mass distributions are compared to thermal-neutron induced fission data measured in direct kinematics from Refs. [39] (blue empty circles) and [3] (red empty triangles). Statistical error bars are displayed.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 17
      Figure 17
      Local even-odd effect as a function of the atomic number of the fission fragments for the fissioning nucleus 240Pu. Present data (red open symbols) are compared to thermal-neutron-induced fission [39] (full symbols). Statistical error bars are displayed.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 18
      Figure 18
      Portion of the velocity sphere of the fragment 122Sn in the fissioning system reference frame, measured in the present experiment. The limits in the measurement correspond to the angular acceptance of the spectrometer and the magnetic rigidity scanning.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 19
      Figure 19
      Fission velocity, vfiss, of fission fragments produced in fusion-fission reactions. Error bars correspond the limits of the width of the velocity distributions of the measured isotopes.Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 20
      Figure 20
      Mean fission velocity of the fission fragments in the reference frames of the fissioning systems 250Cf (red dots) and 240Pu (blue triangles). Open symbols correspond to 238U-induced spallation reaction [16]. The lines correspond to the estimation of the velocities based on Wilkins prescription [25, 26].Reuse & Permissions
    • Figure 21
      Figure 21
      (a) Neutron excess 〈N〉/Z expected at the scission point for the 240Pu (dashed line) compared to the data obtained from fission of 240Pu (blue triangles) and fission of 250Cf (red dots). (b) Difference between the expected 〈N〉/Z value and the measured one for the same system presented above (same symbols).Reuse & Permissions
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