Figure 1

Sketch of the LENA detector.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

The $z$-dependent supernova rate calculated according to Ando et al. [1] (solid line) in comparison to the best fit (dashed line) [29] of direct SNR observations (diamonds) for $z<1$ [27, 28].Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

DSN model spectra for ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ calculated by Ando et al. [20] using core-collapse SN simulations performed by the Lawrence Livermore group (LL) [21], Thompson, Burrows, and Pinto (TBP) [22] and Keil, Raffelt and Janka (KRJ) [23]. In addition, an LL res spectrum is shown in case of a resonant flavour conversion in the SN envelope.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

Contributions of different red-shift regions to the DSN energy spectrum [20]. Neutrinos emitted by far away supernovae are redshifted by cosmic expansion.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 5

Spectra of reactor ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ at Frejus, Pyhäsalmi, and Hawaii. Shaded regions correspond to experimental and model uncertainties. Above 12 MeV, we added an upper limit for the spectral contribution of ${}^{94}\mathrm{Br}$ neutrinos. For comparison, the DSN spectrum according to the KRJ model [23] with $f_{\mathrm{SN}}=1$ [see Eq. (1)] is shown.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 6

Event rates of reactor, atmospheric and DSN ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ (LL, KRJ, TBP, see Fig. 3) as expected for LENA in Pyhäsalmi after ten years of measurement and $f_{\mathrm{SN}}=1$. The shaded region represents the uncertainties of the DSN rates due to $f_{\mathrm{SN}}$. The energy window is chosen such that the flux of the KRJ model exceeds the background flux. The Super-Kamiokande limit is also indicated.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 7

Potential to derive bounds on the scale factor $f_{\mathrm{SN}}$ in the SNR. If one assumes $f_{\mathrm{SN}}=2.5$ according to the CMSFR, the curves shown in the plot depict the significance level at which other values of $f_{\mathrm{SN}}$ can be rejected after a certain exposure time.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 8

Exclusion plot for the assignment of a simulated event spectrum in LENA to a wrong DSN model. A value of $f_{\mathrm{SN}}=2.5$ and 10 years of exposure are assumed. MC spectra created according to one of the models are compared to all possible combinations of event numbers in the two energy bins (see Table ). Regions of more than $1\sigma$ and $2\sigma$ exclusion probability for a wrong assignment are located outside the depicted lines. Predictions assuming the no resonance (dots) and the resonance case (diamond) are shown. LL and TBP model can be discerned at a significance level of more than $2.6\sigma$.Reuse & Permissions