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Azimuthal distributions of charged hadrons, pions, and kaons produced in deep-inelastic scattering off unpolarized protons and deuterons

A. Airapetian et al. (HERMES Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 87, 012010 – Published 25 January 2013
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  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE HERMES EXPERIMENT
  • DATA ANALYSIS
  • SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES
  • FULLY DIFFERENTIAL RESULTS
  • RESULTS FOR FIXED KINEMATIC RANGES
  • CONCLUSIONS
    • References

    Abstract

    The azimuthal cosϕ and cos2ϕ modulations of the distribution of hadrons produced in unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of electrons and positrons off hydrogen and deuterium targets have been measured in the HERMES experiment. For the first time these modulations were determined in a four-dimensional kinematic space for positively and negatively charged pions and kaons separately, as well as for unidentified hadrons. These azimuthal dependences are sensitive to the transverse motion and polarization of the quarks within the nucleon via, e.g., the Cahn, Boer-Mulders and Collins effects.

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    • Received 20 April 2012

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.012010

    © 2013 American Physical Society

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    Vol. 87, Iss. 1 — 1 January 2013

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    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1

      Depiction of the azimuthal angle ϕ between the scattering plane, spanned by the three-momenta (l→, l→′) of incoming and outgoing leptons and the hadron plane, defined by the respective three-momenta of the virtual photon and the produced hadron, q→ and P→h, defined according to the Trento convention [28].

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    • Figure 2
      Figure 2

      Average kinematics for the integration range A of Table 3, as extracted from a 4π Monte Carlo (shown here for positive hadrons on hydrogen; other cases exhibit only minor deviations).

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    • Figure 3
      Figure 3

      As in Fig. 2, but for the kinematic range B of Table 3.

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    • Figure 4
      Figure 4

      The cos2ϕ amplitudes for positive (upper panels) and negative (lower panels) pions integrated over the kinematic range A of Table 3. Closed and open squares are for amplitudes extracted from hydrogen and deuterium targets, respectively. The inner bar represents the statistical uncertainty; the outer bar is the total uncertainty, evaluated as the sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic uncertainties. Points have been slightly shifted horizontally for visibility.

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    • Figure 5
      Figure 5

      As in Fig. 4, but for the cosϕ amplitudes.

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    • Figure 6
      Figure 6

      As in Fig. 4, but for charged kaon amplitudes integrated over the kinematic range B of Table 3.

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    • Figure 7
      Figure 7

      As in Fig. 5, but for charged kaon amplitudes integrated over the kinematic range B of Table 3.

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    • Figure 8
      Figure 8

      As in Fig. 4, but for unidentified charged hadrons.

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    • Figure 9
      Figure 9

      As in Fig. 5, but for unidentified charged hadrons.

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    • Figure 10
      Figure 10

      The cos2ϕ amplitudes from a hydrogen target for positive (upper panels) and negative (lower panels) unidentified hadrons (triangles), pions (squares) and kaons (circles), integrated over the kinematic range B of Table 3. Uncertainties as in Fig. 4. Points have been slightly shifted horizontally for visibility.

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    • Figure 11
      Figure 11

      The cosϕ amplitudes from a hydrogen target for positive (upper panels) and negative (lower panels) unidentified hadrons (triangles), pions (squares) and kaons (circles), integrated over the kinematic range B of Table 3. Uncertainties as in Fig. 4. Points have been slightly shifted horizontally for visibility.

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    • Figure 12
      Figure 12

      As in Fig. 10, but for a deuterium target.

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    • Figure 13
      Figure 13

      As in Fig. 11, but for a deuterium target.

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    • Figure 14
      Figure 14

      Difference between the amplitudes of negative and positive pions within the kinematic range A of Table 3: 2⟨cos2ϕ⟩π−−2⟨cos2ϕ⟩π+ (upper panels), 2⟨cosϕ⟩π−−2⟨cosϕ⟩π+ (lower panels). Closed and open symbols are for amplitudes extracted from hydrogen and deuterium targets, respectively. Points have been slightly shifted horizontally for visibility. Uncertainties as in Fig. 4.

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    • Figure 15
      Figure 15

      As in Fig. 14, but for kaons, and the kinematic range B of Table 3.

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    • Figure 16
      Figure 16

      As in Fig. 14, but for unidentified hadrons.

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