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Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspiral, merger, and ringdown in LIGO-Virgo data from 2009–2010

J. Aasi et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 87, 022002 – Published 23 January 2013

Abstract

We report a search for gravitational waves from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of binary black holes (BBH) with total mass between 25 and 100 solar masses, in data taken at the LIGO and Virgo observatories between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010. The maximum sensitive distance of the detectors over this period for a (20,20)M coalescence was 300 Mpc. No gravitational wave signals were found. We thus report upper limits on the astrophysical coalescence rates of BBH as a function of the component masses for nonspinning components, and also evaluate the dependence of the search sensitivity on component spins aligned with the orbital angular momentum. We find an upper limit at 90% confidence on the coalescence rate of BBH with nonspinning components of mass between 19 and 28M of 3.3×107 mergers Mpc3yr1.

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  • Received 19 October 2012

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.022002

© 2013 American Physical Society

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Vol. 87, Iss. 2 — 15 January 2013

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Images

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    Horizon distances for nonspinning equal-mass IMR signals in the LIGO and Virgo detectors, using EOBNRv2 as a signal model, averaged over periods of data when the detector sensitivities were near optimal for S6 and VSR2 and -3, respectively.

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  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    Representative distributions of SNR and χr2 values for simulated signal (red circles) and background (black crosses) triggers in the LIGO detectors, with contours of the detection statistics used in the search. Note the systematically lower values of χ2 for background events with SNR ρ>10 in shorter-duration templates (right plot) compared to longer-duration (left plot). Left plot—triggers with template duration greater than 0.2 s; dashed lines indicate contours of constant reweighted SNR statistic, Eq. (1). Right panel—triggers with template duration below 0.2 s; dashed lines indicate contours of constant effective SNR, Eq. (2).

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  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    Cumulative distribution of coincident events found in the search vs estimated inverse FAR, over the total time searched for possible GW candidates, 0.53 yr. Grey contour shading indicates the consistency at the 1σ (dark) through the 5σ (light) level of search coincident events with the expected background.

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  • Figure 4
    Figure 4

    Cumulative distributions of coincident events and estimated background over combined SNR statistic ρc, over the total time searched for possible GW candidates. Grey shaded bands indicate 1σ5σ consistency with the estimated background distribution. Left panel—distribution for long-duration events. Right panel—distribution for short-duration events. The two event bins and the combined SNR statistic are described in Sec. 3b.

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  • Figure 5
    Figure 5

    Left panel—Upper limits (90% confidence) on BBH coalescence rates in units of 107Mpc3yr1 as a function of binary component masses, evaluated using EOBNRv2 waveforms. Right panel—Average sensitive distance for this search to binary systems described by EOBNRv2 signal waveforms, in Mpc.

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  • Figure 6
    Figure 6

    Cumulative posterior probabilities over astrophysical merger rate, for the bins shown in Fig. 5 with central values m1=m2=50, 41, 32, 23, 14M (left to right). We show the probability level corresponding to the 90% confidence rate limit (dashed horizontal line). These posteriors were evaluated for signals described by the EOBNRv2 waveform family in S6 data using S5 search results as prior information.

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  • Figure 7
    Figure 7

    Dependence on aligned spin and total mass of the averaged sensitive distance of our search to phenomenological inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms. For each of six bins in total mass M, we show the sensitivity for IMRPhenomB signals with negative aligned spin parameter χ (left), nonspinning signals (center) and signals with positive aligned spin parameter (right). The simulated signal parameters were restricted to mass ratios 1q<4 and aligned spins 0.85χ0.85.

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