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Collective Shift in Resonant Light Scattering by a One-Dimensional Atomic Chain

Antoine Glicenstein, Giovanni Ferioli, Nikola Šibalić, Ludovic Brossard, Igor Ferrier-Barbut, and Antoine Browaeys
Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 – Published 25 June 2020
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    Abstract

    We experimentally study resonant light scattering by a one-dimensional randomly filled chain of cold two-level atoms. By a local measurement of the light scattered along the chain, we observe constructive interferences in light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between the atoms. They lead to a shift of the collective resonance despite the average interatomic distance being larger than the wavelength of the light. This result demonstrates that strong collective effects can be enhanced by structuring the geometrical arrangement of the ensemble. We also explore the high intensity regime where atoms cannot be described classically. We compare our measurement to a mean-field, nonlinear coupled-dipole model accounting for the saturation of the response of a single atom.

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    • Received 11 April 2020
    • Accepted 1 June 2020

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.253602

    © 2020 American Physical Society

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    1. Research Areas
    Light-matter interactionQuantum description of light-matter interaction
    Atomic, Molecular & Optical

    Authors & Affiliations

    Antoine Glicenstein, Giovanni Ferioli, Nikola Šibalić, Ludovic Brossard, Igor Ferrier-Barbut*, and Antoine Browaeys

    • Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France

    • *igor.ferrier-barbut@institutoptique.fr

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    Issue

    Vol. 124, Iss. 25 — 26 June 2020

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    • Figure 1
      Figure 1

      (a) Chain of atoms under axial excitation. The total phase accumulated by propagation and single scattering is the same in the forward direction irrespective of the position of the atom. This results in constructive interferences of all forward scattered fields. (b) Schematic of the experimental setup. Two orthogonal high-resolution optical systems based on 4 in-vacuum aspheric lenses (AL) realize a chain of single atoms in a 1D-optical lattice and collect the scattered light on an EMCCD.

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    • Figure 2
      Figure 2

      Local shift δω(z) as a function of the position in the chain. Blue circles (red squares): axial (transverse) excitation. Each data point is the resonance frequency of a 10  μm segment around z. Horizontal error bars: segment width. Vertical error bars: standard error of the fit of the local spectrum. Dotted lines: results of coupled-dipole simulations, with the shaded region corresponding to the experimental uncertainty in chain filling η=0.5±0.1.

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    • Figure 3
      Figure 3

      (a) Global shift δω as a function of the radial size σρ of the cloud after a time of flight. Vertical error bars: fit standard errors, horizontal errors: size variation during probe pulse. Dotted line: coupled dipole simulations accounting for the experimental uncertainty on the chain filling η. Inset: example of fluorescence spectra. (b) Global shift δω vs η compared to coupled dipole simulations (shaded region accounting for experimental uncertainty in temperature 80(20)  μK. Vertical error bars: fit standard errors. Horizontal errors: experimental uncertainties. The reference of the shifts is the intercept of a linear fit of the data. Inset: comparing data of (a) and (b), plotted vs nearest-neighbor distance: k⟨rnn⟩.

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    • Figure 4
      Figure 4

      (a) Measured global resonance shift as a function of the laser Rabi frequency (circles). Vertical error bars from the fits. Horizontal errors: 10% uncertainty on the probe intensity. Dotted lines: results of the NCD model including the experimental parameters. Shaded area: uncertainty in the filling fraction η=0.5±0.1. (b) Mean-field nonlinear coupled-dipole calculations for chains of N atoms (solid lines) are in reasonable agreement with a full quantum model (circles).

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