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Near-Field Energy Transfer between Graphene and Magneto-Optic Media

Gaomin Tang, Lei Zhang, Yong Zhang, Jun Chen, and C. T. Chan
Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 247401 – Published 8 December 2021
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  • Introduction.—
  • Formalism.—
  • Energy transfer at B=0.—
  • Energy transfer at finite B.—
  • Thermoelectric effect.—
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Supplemental Material
    References

    Abstract

    We consider the near-field radiative energy transfer between two separated parallel plates: graphene supported by a substrate and a magneto-optic medium. We first study the scenario in which the two plates have the same temperature. An electric current through the graphene gives rise to nonequilibrium fluctuations and induces energy transfer. Both the magnitude and direction of the energy flux can be controlled by the electric current and an in-plane magnetic field in the magneto-optic medium. This is due to the interplay between the nonreciprocal photon occupation number in the graphene and nonreciprocal surface modes in the magneto-optic plate. Furthermore, we report that a tunable thermoelectric current can be generated in the graphene in the presence of a temperature difference between the two plates.

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    • Received 5 August 2021
    • Accepted 19 November 2021

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.247401

    © 2021 American Physical Society

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    1. Research Areas
    Heat transferMagneto-optical effectNanophotonicsNear-field opticsSurface plasmon polaritonThermodynamicsTransport phenomena
    1. Physical Systems
    GrapheneHeat enginesNonequilibrium systems
    Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical

    Authors & Affiliations

    Gaomin Tang1,*, Lei Zhang2,3, Yong Zhang4,5, Jun Chen6,†, and C. T. Chan7

    • 1Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
    • 2State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
    • 3Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
    • 4School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    • 5Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    • 6State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
    • 7Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

    • *gaomin.tang@unibas.ch
    • †chenjun@sxu.edu.cn

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    Issue

    Vol. 127, Iss. 24 — 10 December 2021

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    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1

      (a) Schematic plot of the near-field energy transfer between graphene (1) supported by a substrate (s) and a magneto-optic medium plate (2) with air gap d. In the presence of an electric current with drift velocity vd through the graphene, a net energy flux is transferred even when there is no temperature difference between the two plates. Its magnitude and direction can be modulated by the electric current and the magnetic field B applied to the magneto-optic medium. (b) Energy flux H versus d at different vd with B=0 and T=300  K. (c) Energy transmission function Z (in units of meV) at vd=0.3vF, d=20  nm, and qy=0 against qx and ℏω. The black and magenta dashed lines are the dispersions of graphene plasmons and the surface modes of InSb at B=0 in the absence of damping, respectively. (d) Spectrum h(ω) at vd=0.3vF and d=20  nm.

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    • Figure 2
      Figure 2

      (a) Dispersion of the surface modes of InSb in the Voigt configuration at B=4  T. (b) Energy flux H versus separation d at B=4 and B=−4  T with vd=0.3vF and T=300  K. (c) Energy transmission function Z (in units of meV) at B=4  T, d=50  nm, and qy=0 against qx and ℏω. The black dashed lines are dispersions of the graphene plasmons. The energies ℏω indicated by the arrows are the same as the corresponding energies indicated in (a). (d) Spectrum h(ω) at B=4  T and d=50  nm.

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    • Figure 3
      Figure 3

      (a) Energy flux H versus magnetic field B at different drift velocities vd with d=50  nm and T=300  K. (b) Energy transmission function Z at qy=0, B=18  T, vd=0.3vF, and d=50  nm against qx and ℏω. (c) Spectrum h(ω) at B=18  T and vd=0.3vF.

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    • Figure 4
      Figure 4

      Heat flux H versus magnetic field B at T1=300  K, T2=330  K, and d=50  nm (solid line). The contributions to the heat flux from positive qx (dash-dotted line) and negative qx (dashed line) are plotted separately. The negative heat flux indicates that the heat flows from the InSb plate to the graphene.

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