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Measurement of the 2S1/2−8D5/2 Transition in Hydrogen

A. D. Brandt, S. F. Cooper, C. Rasor, Z. Burkley, A. Matveev, and D. C. Yost
Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 023001 – Published 13 January 2022
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    Abstract

    We present a measurement of the hydrogen 2S1/2−8D5/2 transition performed with a cryogenic atomic beam. The measured resonance frequency is ν=770649561570.9(2.0)  kHz, which corresponds to a relative uncertainty of 2.6×10−12. Combining our result with the most recent measurement of the 1S−2S transition, we find a proton radius of rp=0.8584(51)  fm and a Rydberg constant of R∞=10973731.568332(52)  m−1. This result has a combined 3.1σ disagreement with the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) 2018 recommended value.

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    • Received 26 September 2021
    • Revised 15 November 2021
    • Accepted 7 December 2021

    DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.023001

    © 2022 American Physical Society

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    1. Research Areas
    Electronic structure of atoms & moleculesLaser spectroscopy
    1. Physical Systems
    Protons
    1. Techniques
    Precision measurements
    Atomic, Molecular & Optical

    Authors & Affiliations

    A. D. Brandt1, S. F. Cooper1, C. Rasor1, Z. Burkley1, A. Matveev2, and D. C. Yost1,*

    • 1Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
    • 2Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow 143025, Russia

    • *dylan.yost@colostate.edu

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    Issue

    Vol. 128, Iss. 2 — 14 January 2022

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    Images

    • Figure 1
      Figure 1

      Schematic of experiment. The repetition rate of the coherent frequency comb referenced to an ultrastable optical cavity is counted by a GPS-disciplined rubidium time standard. The 243 and 778 nm lasers are phase locked to the comb, with the beat frequency set by a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). The Ti:sapphire laser is a Coherent-899 vertically oriented ring laser with a modified piezoelectric controlled mirror to increase the frequency locking bandwidth. ECDL, extended cavity diode laser; SHG, second-harmonic generation; DPM, differential pumping manifolds; CEM, channel electron multiplier; EM shields, a pair of coaxial magnetic shields within a Faraday cage.

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    • Figure 2
      Figure 2

      (a) Example ac extrapolation data and cubic fit as a function of the 778 nm cavity transmission photodiode (PD) voltage. (b) Extrapolated zero-field frequencies for each measurement day with overall mean and statistical uncertainty overlaid. Data acquisition on the 2S1/2−8D5/2 transition was collected in batches grouped by date, which are indicated with batch numbers 1, 2, and 3. Frequencies in both (a) and (b) are relative to the value listed in Ref. [38].

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    • Figure 3
      Figure 3

      Fit electric field for each measurement day, with data collection batch average overlaid.

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    • Figure 4
      Figure 4

      A selection of recent determinations of the proton radius when combining laser spectroscopy with the 1S1/2−2S1/2 transition [9, 10, 16, 19, 40]. The result presented here is circled. The rp denoted by H-world (2014) corresponds to the proton radius obtained in Ref. [3] using only hydrogen spectroscopy data (Adj. 8 Table XXIX). Also shown are the proton radius determinations from Lamb shift measurements in hydrogen [17] and muonic hydrogen [14], along with the most recent CODATA value [43].

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    • Figure 5
      Figure 5

      A comparison of the Rydberg constant determined through Eq. (1) from one experimentally determined hydrogen interval. These determinations require a precise rp value, which was taken from the muonic hydrogen measurement alone [14]. Blue points were measured in Paris (2S-3S [16], 2S-8S/D [19], 2S-12D [36]), black points were measured in Garching (1S1/2−2S1/2 [40], 2S1/2−3S1/2 [10], 2S1/2−4P [9]), and our result is circled in red. As described in the text, we have subtracted the 1S1/2−2S1/2 interval [40] from the 1S1/2−3S1/2 measurements [10, 16].

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