Spin-flop quasi metamagnetic, anisotropic magnetic, and electrical transport behavior of Ho substituted kagome magnet ${\mathrm{ErMn}}_{6}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{6}$

Spin-flop quasi metamagnetic, anisotropic magnetic, and electrical transport behavior of Ho substituted kagome magnet ${ErMn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$

Jacob Casey, S. Shanmukharao Samatham, Christopher Burgio, Noah Kramer, Asraf Sawon, Jamaal Huff, and Arjun K. Pathak

Phys. Rev. Materials 7, 074402 – Published 12 July 2023

Abstract

We report on the magnetic and electrical properties of a ${({Mn}_{3} Sn)}_{2}$ triangular network kagome structured high quality Ho substituted ${ErMn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ single-crystal sample by magnetotransport measurements. ${Er}_{0.5} {Ho}_{0.5} {Mn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ orders antiferromagnetically at Néel temperature $T_{N} \sim 350$ K followed by a ferrimagnetic (FiM) transition at $T_{C} \sim 114$ K and spin-orientation transition at $T_{t} \sim 20$ K. The field manifestations of these magnetic phases in the $a b$ -basal plane and along the $c$ axis are illustrated through temperature-field T-H phase diagrams. In $H ∥ c$ , narrow hysteresis between spin reorientation and field-induced FiM phases below $T_{t}$ , enhanced/strengthened FiM phase below $T_{C}$ and stemming of FiM phase out of strongly coexisting antiferromagnetic and FiM phases below $T_{N}$ through a non-meta-magnetic transition are confirmed to arise from strong $R$ -Mn sublattices interaction. In contrast, in the $H ∥ a b$ plane, between $T_{N}$ and $T_{C}$ , individually contributing $R$ -Mn sublattices with weak antiferromagnetic interactions undergo a field-induced spin-flop quasi metamagnetic transition to FiM state. The temperature-dependent electrical resistivity suggests metallic nature with Fermi liquid behavior at low temperatures. Essentially, the current study stimulates interest to investigate the magnetic and electrical properties of mixed rare-earth layered kagome magnetic metals for possible novel and exotic behavior.

Received 9 March 2023
Revised 19 June 2023
Accepted 21 June 2023
Corrected 1 September 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.074402

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Electrical properties Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic phase transitions Magnetism

Rare-earth magnetic materials

Crystal growth Magnetization measurements Resistivity measurements

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics

Corrections

1 September 2023

Correction: The initial proof correction list contained some omissions. Minor grammatical and punctuation changes have been incorporated throughout. In the fourth sentence of Sec. III, “six” has been changed to “eight.” The chemical formula in the first sentence in the caption to Figure 1 contained an error and has been set right.

Authors & Affiliations

Jacob Casey¹, S. Shanmukharao Samatham ^2,*, Christopher Burgio¹, Noah Kramer ^1,3, Asraf Sawon ^1,3, Jamaal Huff^1,3, and Arjun K. Pathak ^1,†

¹Department of Physics, SUNY Buffalo State University, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA
²Department of Physics, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad 500 075, India
³Engineering Technology, SUNY Buffalo State University, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA

^*shanmukharao_physics@cbit.ac.in
^†Present address: GE Research, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA; pathakak@buffalostate.edu

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Vol. 7, Iss. 7 — July 2023

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Figure 1
Crystallographic information of ${Er}_{0.5} {Ho}_{0.5} {Mn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ . Color codes for atoms: red, Er; blue, Ho; orange, Mn; and gray, Sn. (a) Three-dimensional view of the crystal structure in a unit cell, showing the Mn atoms symmetrically equidistant from $R$ atoms. (b) Layered structure with ( $R$ -Sn_1)-Mn-Sn_3-Sn_2 stacks along the $c$ axis. (c) Corner sharing ${({Mn}_{3} Sn)}_{2}$ triangular network.
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Figure 2
Magnetization data of ${Er}_{0.5} {Ho}_{0.5} {Mn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ single crystal measured $H ∥ a b$ : ZFC, FCC M-T curves (a) in 0.1 kOe, show antiferromagnetic transition at 350 K followed by a ferrimagnetic transition around 110 K and a spin-reorientation-type transition below 20 K and a bifurcation between ZFC and FCC curves and (b) in 20 kOe, where antiferromagnetic transition is smeared out in fields. An isothermal magnetization vs magnetic field M-H curves up to $H = 90$ kOe (c) at 2 K (five quadrants, showing reversible nature with no hysteresis). Inset: The virgin curve ( $0 \to 90$ kOe) shows a tiny field-induced transition around 20 kOe, (d) in the ferrimagnetic region, i.e., $T_{t} \leq T \leq T_{C}$ , (e) in the region bounded by $T_{C}$ and $T_{N}$ , showing the manifestation of a field-induced AFM to FiM crossover, and (f) above $T_{N}$ , i.e., in the paramagnetic state with no saturationlike and reversible nature.
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Figure 3
Magnetization data of ${Er}_{0.5} {Ho}_{0.5} {Mn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ single crystal when $H ∥ c$ : M-T curves (a) in 0.1, 1, and 5 kOe, showing transitions at $T_{N} = 350$ K, $T_{C} = 110$ K, and $T_{t} \sim 23$ K. Isothermal M-H curves up to $H = 90$ kOe (b) at 2 K in five quadrants, showing a small hysteresis between a field-induced FiM state, (c) at 20 and 40 K (inset: vanishing hysteresis above $T_{t}$ ), (d) collected at temperature range of $90 K \leq T \leq 150$ K, showing a nonlinear growth of $M$ with $H$ with an improved linear saturation as $T$ crosses $T_{C}$ , (e) in $200 K \leq T \leq 280$ K where a field-sustaining linear M-H curve up to a range of 30 kOe before reaching FiM-like saturation in high fields, indicating the coexistence of AFM and FiM states [inset: an enlarged view (up to 35 kOe) showing decreasing critical field above 200 K], and (f) near and above $T_{N}$ . The critical field decreases and eventually becomes zero as $T$ approaches $T_{N}$ .
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Figure 4
The temperature variation of electrical resistivity $ρ (T)$ , measured $H ∥ c$ , from 2 to 390 K (a) in $H = 0$ kOe and (b) $H = 0$ , 30, 70, and 90 kOe. $ρ = ρ_{0} + A T^{2} + B T^{n}$ fit of the data below 150 K resulted in the residual resistivity of about $8.15 μ Ω$ cm and $n = 3$ /2 indicating dominant ferrimagnetic correlations. (c) $d ρ / d T$ in $H = 0$ kOe, showing the magnetic transitions at $T_{N}$ and $T_{C}$ , indicated by arrows in (a). (d) Temperature-dependent $MR = Δ ρ / ρ_{0}$ , which is negative at $T_{N}$ and $T_{C}$ and positive below $T_{t}$ . (e), (f) Magnetic field dependence of MR. It is positive below $T_{t}$ , and small and negative in the other magnetic regions and paramagnetic state.
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Figure 5
Curie-Weiss fits of ${Er}_{0.5} {Ho}_{0.5} {Mn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ (in $H = 0.1$ kOe) when (a) $H ∥ ab$ and (b) $H ∥ c$ , along with the resulting fit parameters. Positive $θ_{CW}$ indicates dominant ferrimagnetic correlations. (c), (d) The differential susceptibility as a function of $H$ , indicating the crossover of AFM to FiM state across a magnetic field region $δ H$ . (e), (f). Linear fits of negative MR at 100 and 200 K above the critical fields. The deviation from a linear dependence near and above $T_{N}$ is identified by a power dependence ( $\propto H^{n}$ ) with $n = 0.682$ (at 325 K), 0.623 (at 350 K), and 0.734 (at 375 K).
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Figure 6
Temperature-field T-H phase diagrams of ${Er}_{0.5} {Ho}_{0.5} {Mn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$ , constructed based on the temperature variation of the technical saturation field $H_{TS}$ and critical fields of field-induced phase transitions. (a) $H ∥ a b$ plane. Region I: a weak spin reorientation phase that quickly turns into ferrimagnetic state in fields of 1 kOe. Region II: zero-field ferrimagnetically correlated phase is turned into the field-influenced ferrimagnetic saturation state. Region III: field induces a ferrimagnetic saturation through an intermediate spin-flop quasi metamagnetic transition in a weakly coupled $R$ and Mn sublattice with antiferromagnetic correlations. Region IV represents paramagnetic state. (b) $H ∥ c$ : Region I: the sample exhibits a narrow field-induced hysteresis by eventually entering a ferrimagnetic state. Region II: $H_{TS}$ is merely independent of the temperature. Region III: The coexistence of AFM and FiM correlations of $R$ and Mn sublattices requires high fields of the range of 30 kOe to induce ferrimagneticlike saturation.
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Physical Review Materials

Spin-flop quasi metamagnetic, anisotropic magnetic, and electrical transport behavior of Ho substituted kagome magnet ErMn6Sn6

Jacob Casey, S. Shanmukharao Samatham, Christopher Burgio, Noah Kramer, Asraf Sawon, Jamaal Huff, and Arjun K. Pathak

Phys. Rev. Materials 7, 074402 – Published 12 July 2023

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Spin-flop quasi metamagnetic, anisotropic magnetic, and electrical transport behavior of Ho substituted kagome magnet ${ErMn}_{6} {Sn}_{6}$